人工智能与社会契约（英）_23页_438kb

Expert Insights: Applying Social Contract Theory to AI Governance

Key Argument: Social contract theory offers a socio-technical framework for addressing AI’s societal and economic impacts, guiding the U.S. toward governance that supports human flourishing amid transformative AI adoption.

Core Ideas and Applications of Social Contract Theory to AI

1. Legitimate Authority Enables Cooperation

   • AI agents may create novel collective action problems requiring regulation (e.g., rapid deployment and unregulated actions).
   • Legitimate authorities (governments) must establish rules for AI infrastructure (identity certification, safety protocols, enforcement).

2. Authority Must Protect Individual Rights & Liberties

   • AI use in domains like criminal justice or healthcare must preserve rights (e.g., transparency, appeals, no arbitrary deprivation).
   • Governments must maintain public trust to justify AI-driven decision-making, safeguarding against domination.

3. Legitimacy Derived from Democratic Deliberation

   • AI can hinder deliberation (echo chambers, polarization), yet tools like algorithmic platforms (e.g., Polis) can facilitate consensus.
   • Deliberative forums (citizen assemblies) are needed to ensure broader public participation in AI governance.

4. Considering All Social Positions for Justice & Resilience

   • Rawls’ veil of ignorance prioritizes equitable impacts, ensuring policies protect vulnerable groups.
   • Multi-stakeholder evaluation maps externalities and distributional harms of AI technologies.

5. Overlapping Consensus on AI Challenges

   • Shared views on AI risks (e.g., rapid development, private sector dominance) underpin adaptive governance (regulatory sandboxes, public-private partnerships).
   • Lab/socio-technical field evaluations balance technical and societal evidence.

6. ** combating Power Concentration in AI Era**

   • Allen’s framework prevents domination by addressing wealth inequality and labor displacement through community oversight and economic rebalancing.
   • Multistakeholder governance counteracts tech monopolies’ control over AI trajectory.

Critiques & Future Directions

• Limitations of social contract theory (e.g., abstract universalism, ignoring power dynamics) must be addressed.
• U.S. foundational documents (Constitution, Bill of Rights) already reflect social contract principles, which remain adaptable to AI transformation.

Conclusion

Social contract theory serves as a compass for AI governance, guiding policies toward justice, equity, and societal resilience amid rapid technological change.