2022-02-22-devinit-不平等_衡量不平等以及不平等对减贫的重要性（英）_20页_383kb

This briefing explains the link between inequality and poverty reduction. Inequality, defined as the unfair distribution of resources and opportunities, often stems from discrimination and exclusion. It hinders poverty reduction efforts under Sustainable Development Goal 10, as high levels of inequality can concentrate power and wealth, limiting social mobility and environmental sustainability. Key reasons include relative poverty (where income thresholds vary), environmental constraints, horizontal inequalities based on identity, and political inequalities that favor the wealthy.

Measuring inequality requires multiple methods. Economic measures include the Gini coefficient (overall inequality), Palma ratio (end-to-end wealth gap), SDG 10.1 target growth for the poorest, P20 analysis (poorest 20%), and absolute measures. Non-economic aspects, such as life expectancy, show human impacts. Data sources are crucial and include household surveys assessing income or consumption, administrative data from public services, and community-generated data. Though comprehensive, current data is often outdated due to infrequent collection. Various countries provide latest data for inequality measures in tools like PovcalNet.

Essential data characteristics include coverage of opportunities and outcomes, population inclusivity, variables for horizontal inequality analysis, and timeliness for tracking changes over time. Challenges include underreporting in surveys and gaps in high-income data. Overall, addressing inequality through better data and measures is vital for achieving sustainable poverty reduction goals.