世界经济论坛-2017年全球人力资本报告（英文）-2017-203页-4mb

Summary of The Global Human Capital Report 2017

Core Content

The Global Human Capital Report 2017 introduces the Global Human Capital Index (GHCI) as a comprehensive tool to assess how well countries are developing their human capital. The Index evaluates countries based on four thematic dimensions—Capacity, Deployment, Development, and Know-how—across five age groups (0–14 years, 15–24 years, 25–54 years, 55–64 years, and 65 years and over) to provide a holistic view of human capital potential. The report highlights the importance of human capital in driving growth, innovation, and competitiveness, and emphasizes the need for inclusive and sustainable development.

Main Viewpoints

• Human Capital as a Dynamic Concept: Human capital is not static but evolves over time through education, work, and skill development. It is not solely defined by formal education but also by continuous learning and application.
• Global Performance: On average, the world has developed only 62% of its human capital, with 25 countries achieving 70% or more, 50 countries between 60% and 70%, and 14 countries below 50%.
• Regional Disparities: The gap in human capital development is smallest in North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, while South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa show the largest gaps.
• High-Performing Countries: The top 10 countries in the GHCI include smaller European nations like Norway, Finland, and Switzerland, as well as large economies such as the US and Germany. The report underscores that these countries have long-standing commitments to education and have deployed a wide range of skilled workers.
• Key Subindexes:
  • Capacity: Measures the stock of education across generations.
  • Deployment: Focuses on active participation in the workforce and skill application.
  • Development: Reflects efforts to educate and upskill the population.
  • Know-how: Captures the breadth and depth of specialized skills in the workforce.

Key Information

• The GHCI 2017 ranks 130 countries on a scale from 0 to 100.
• Human capital development is crucial not only for economic growth but also for the functioning of political, social, and civic institutions.
• Dynamic labor market data from LinkedIn is used to analyze trends in skill development and specialization.
• Lifelong learning is emphasized as a key driver for maximizing human capital returns.
• The report calls for inclusive talent development, ensuring that all segments of the population, regardless of age, gender, or origin, have access to opportunities for growth and contribution.
• Policy recommendations include improving deployment of skills, investing in education, and enhancing the complexity of economies through sectoral development.

Country Performance Highlights

• Top 10 Countries:

  • Norway (1)
  • Finland (2)
  • Switzerland (3)
  • United States (4)
  • Denmark (5)
  • Germany (6)
  • Slovenia (9)
  • Estonia (12)
  • Russian Federation (16)
  • Israel (18)

• Regional Leaders:

  • North America: United States (4), Canada (14)
  • Western Europe: Nordic countries (Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden) dominate the rankings.
  • Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Slovenia, Estonia, and Russian Federation in the top 20; Czech Republic, Ukraine, and Lithuania above 70%.
  • East Asia and the Pacific: Singapore (11), Japan (17), Korea (27) lead; Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Cambodia lag.
  • Latin America and the Caribbean: Argentina (52) and Chile (53) are top performers; Venezuela (94), Honduras (101) are at the bottom.
  • Middle East and North Africa: Israel (18) is the only country in the top 20; UAE (45), Bahrain (47), Qatar (55) outperform others.
  • South Asia: Sri Lanka (70) leads; India (103), Bangladesh (111), Pakistan (125) lag.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: Rwanda (71), Ghana (72), Cameroon (73), and Mauritius (74) have developed over 60% of their human capital; Ethiopia (127) is the lowest performer.

Conclusion

The report highlights the importance of investment in human capital across the lifecycle and encourages lifelong learning, inclusive skill development, and dynamic workforce planning. It advocates for public-private collaboration and policy reforms to enhance human capital, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where development is most needed. The GHCI serves as a benchmark for countries to track progress and identify opportunities for improvement, fostering a more inclusive and productive global workforce.

Recommendations

• Focus on know-how and skill diversity for high-capacity economies.
• Improve deployment of human capital in North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
• Increase investment in education and training in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
• Promote lifelong learning and reskilling to keep human capital relevant in a rapidly changing economy.