2003-12-31-世界卫生组织-2004_GSHS_Fact_Sheet_Namibia_northeast_2页_364kb

Global School-based Student Health Survey: Namibia (North East Region) 2004 Summary

Survey Methodology

• The survey, conducted in 2004, targeted grades 6 through 10 students in Namibia's North East Region using a two-stage cluster sampling design.
• A representative sample of students aged 13-15 was surveyed via computer-assisted interviews, with a school response rate of 88%, student response rate of 84%, and overall response rate of 74%.
• Data focuses on behaviors contributing to health risks, collected from 1,447 participants, with comparative analyses for boys and girls.

Key Findings by Category

Substance Use

• Alcohol Use: 19.1% of students consumed alcohol at least one day in the past 30 days; boys (19.4%) had similar rates, slightly higher than girls (18.5%). Excessive drinking occurred in 22.1% of students, with boys (23.6%) more affected.
• Drug Use: 24.0% of students used drugs at least once in their lifetime, with boys (26.3%) showing higher prevalence.
• Tobacco Use: Overall tobacco use was high, with 31.3% of students using any tobacco product beyond cigarettes in the past 30 days. Boys (34.2%) used more than girls (28.6%), and 10.1% smoked cigarettes, again with higher rates among boys (12.7%).

Sexual Behaviors and HIV Risks

• 35.4% of students had ever engaged in sexual intercourse by age 13-15, with boys (45.9%) more likely than girls (26.8%).
• Among sexually active students, 51.5% used a condom the last time (limited sample due to small numbers).
• Multiple partners were reported by 22.2% of students, specifically 31.8% of boys.

Hygiene and Mental Health

• Handwashing adherence was low, with only 3.9% of students washing hands never or rarely before eating in the past 30 days.
• Mental health indicators were poor, with 13.5% feeling lonely most or always, higher among girls (15.4%), and 12.9% reporting no close friends, with girls more affected.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors

• Physical activity was below recommended levels, with only 10.8% meeting the 60-minute daily goal.
• High sedentary behavior was common, with 28.5% of students spending three or more hours daily on sitting activities like TV or gaming.

Protective Factors and Risk Behaviors

• Risk behaviors included skipping class without permission (35.8% overall, higher for boys at 38.8%), with girls having the lowest rates.
• School climate was negative, as 44.6% of girls felt peers rarely kind and helpful (50.5% boys, 47.4% average).
• Limited parental engagement was noted, with 45.0% of students and 48.3% of boys reporting parents often unaware of free time activities.

Unintentional Injuries and Violence

• Fights were common, affecting 46.1% of students, with boys slightly higher (47.2%).
• Serious injuries occurred in 67.9% of students, boys (70.2%) more impacted; bullying was experienced by 52.2% (boys 55.2%, girls 49.2%) over 30 days.

Note: Standard deviations include variability around reported percentages due to sampling. This summary highlights trends among ages 13-15, with notable disparities by gender.