2021-05-31-斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所-21世纪有效全面的CBRN安全风险管理（英文）_16页_1mb

Effective and Comprehensive CBRN Security Risk Management in the 21st Century

Introduction

Countering the proliferation and use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)—chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN)—is critical for maintaining international peace and stability. The evolving security landscape, influenced by globalization, technological advancements, and hybrid threats, necessitates a holistic approach to CBRN security risk management. This involves strengthening international norms, export controls, and domestic policies to prevent hostile misuse of CBRN materials and knowledge.

Key Context

• Multilateral Efforts: CBRN security is addressed through international agreements like the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC), Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), and Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), as well as UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (UNSCR 1540), which targets WMD terrorism.
• EU Policies: The EU has integrated CBRN security into its security strategies, including the 2003 Security Strategy, 2014 Action Plan, and 2020 EU Security Union Strategy. It emphasizes cooperation with international partners, export controls, and capacity-building initiatives.
• Threat Evolution: Risks include deliberate CBRN attacks, hybrid threats, and the increasing accessibility of dual-use materials, exacerbated by rapid scientific and technological progress.

Key Prerequisites for Effective CBRN Security

To manage CBRN risks effectively, national and international efforts must focus on:

• Thematic Elements: Oversight of CBRN activities (including science, physical security, and export controls), law enforcement and counterterrorism measures, and civil protection (preparedness and response).
• Functional Elements: A whole-of-government approach for interagency collaboration and a whole-of-society approach to engage private and civil society stakeholders.
• Cross-Sectorial Cooperation: Enhanced dialogue between sectors (defense, law enforcement, academia, industry) and international forums to build sustainable CBRN security capacity.

Implications for EU Policy

The EU should advance its CBRN security policy by:

• Strengthening the integration of WMD disarmament and non-proliferation norms into internal and external policies.
• Boosting research, innovation, and technology transfer through initiatives like the EU's Green Deal and defense research agendas.
• Enhancing leadership in multilateral forums, international cooperation, and stakeholder engagement to promote standardized CBRN security measures.

Role of the EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium

The Consortium supports independent think tanks in Europe to promote dialogue and research on WMD proliferation, arms control, and disarmament, including issues related to conventional weapons and CBRN security.

This summary is based on the provided document and includes key points from the analysis of CBRN security management.