世界银行-现实核查：推进低碳未来的25项政策的经验教训（英）-2023-195页_3mb

• Planning for a Future with Zero Net Emissions

  1. Costa Rica: Long-term strategy (LTS) and stakeholder engagement led to a net zero plan. Key takeaway: Clear transformation pathways and high-level political sponsorship are crucial.
  2. Indonesia: REDD+ policies reduced deforestation. Key takeaway: Spatial monitoring and command-and-control measures are effective for ecosystem protection.
     (2 cases)

• Getting the Prices Right

  1. British Columbia (Canada): Carbon tax reduced emissions and inequality. Key takeaway: Revenue neutrality and broad tax base design are vital.
  2. China: Nationally determined contribution (NDC) emissions targets faced implementation challenges. Key takeaway: Capacity building and robust monitoring are needed for ETS effectiveness.
  3. Egypt: Energy subsidy reform improved fiscal space. Key takeaway: Revenue recycling with targeted support mitigates distributional impacts.
     (3 cases)

• Facilitating, Enabling, and Triggering Sectoral Transitions

  1. Japan: Energy efficiency policies drove innovation. Key takeaway: Regulatory frameworks and financial incentives can accelerate supply-side transitions.
  2. Monterrey, Mexico: Waste-to-energy project improved circular economy. Key takeaway: Blended finance and community engagement enable sustainable solutions.
  3. Colombia: Green building code boosted private sector adoption. Key takeaway: Capacity building and financial incentives facilitate market transformation.
  4. India: Solar policies lowered costs and increased deployment. Key takeaway: Reverse auctions and fiscal incentives drive renewable adoption.
  5. Kenya: Power sector reforms improved renewable integration. Key takeaway: Regulatory reforms and private investment are critical for sector decarbonization.
  6. South Africa: Coal phase-out requires just transition planning. Key takeaway: Stakeholder engagement and restorative justice address social equity.
  7. Peru: Cycling infrastructure improved urban mobility. Key takeaway: Multisectoral collaboration enhances policy outcomes.
  8. China: Climate-smart agriculture reduced emissions. Key takeaway: Training and local adaptation increase policy effectiveness.
     (8 cases; most impactful)

• Getting the Finance Flowing

  1. Chile: E-bus deployment leveraged public-private partnerships. Key takeaway: Blended finance reduces risks and scales low-carbon investments.
  2. Colombia: Green taxonomy promoted sustainable finance. Key takeaway: Independent regulatory bodies enhance transparency and alignment with climate goals.
     (2 cases)

• Ensuring a Just Transition

  1. United Kingdom, Germany, Netherlands: Phased coal exits balanced environmental and social equity. Key takeaway: Independent expert committees and stakeholder engagement facilitate smoother transitions.
     (3 cases)

• Overall Key Insights

  • Multi-criteria approach: No single policy works in isolation; combination of tools is essential.
  • Context matters: Tailoring policies to national conditions and institutional capacity maximizes success.
  • Early planning and adaptive management: Anticipating challenges and learning from implementation reduces risks.
  • Public-private collaboration: Leveraging private finance and expertise accelerates decarbonization.

Total case studies analyzed: 25.