国际能源署-乌兹别克斯坦太阳能政策：路线图（英）-2022.3-55页_9mb

Summary of Solar Energy Policy in Uzbekistan: A Roadmap

Core Content

This document outlines the Solar Energy Policy in Uzbekistan: A Roadmap, part of the EU4Energy programme, aimed at supporting the development of evidence-based energy policy and data capabilities in Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of solar energy in Uzbekistan, the policy landscape, key barriers, and a detailed roadmap for achieving significant solar energy deployment by 2030.

Main Purpose

• To guide policy-making at all levels to maximise solar energy use in Uzbekistan.
• To serve as a precursor to a national solar energy strategy.
• To support the integration of solar energy into the electricity and heat sectors.
• To outline policy and regulatory actions that will enable the secure and sustainable use of solar energy.

Key Institutions and Stakeholders

• Ministry of Energy: Central authority for energy policy, responsible for renewable energy implementation, regulation, and energy sector planning.
• Ministry of Finance: Oversees price regulation and financial stability, with the PPP Development Agency facilitating public-private partnerships.
• Ministry of Investment and Foreign Trade: Manages foreign investment and international cooperation in the energy sector.
• Ministry of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction: Focuses on macroeconomic analysis and industrial development strategies.
• Cabinet of Ministers: Approves electricity and gas use rules and monitors energy investment programs.
• State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics: Collects energy data, including off-grid solar and solar heat usage.
• Thermal Power Plants JSC: Operates most thermal power facilities.
• Uzbekhydroenergo JSC: Manages hydropower plants.
• National Electric Grid of Uzbekistan JSC: Centralised systems operator.
• Regional Electric Power Networks JSC: Manages local electricity distribution through 14 territorial JSCs.

Context of Renewable Energy in Uzbekistan

• Energy Supply: Uzbekistan is a net exporter of energy, with natural gas as the dominant energy source (90.5% of total production in 2019).
• Electricity Generation: In 2019, natural gas accounted for 85% of electricity generation, followed by hydro (10.2%) and coal (3.7%).
• Heat Consumption: Heat is the largest end-use of energy, with over 80% of consumption coming from fossil fuels, primarily natural gas.
• Solar Energy Potential: Uzbekistan has high solar irradiation, with GHI at 4.52 kWh/m²/day (median) and DNI at 4.44 kWh/m²/day (median), comparable to global CSP markets.
• Renewable Energy Potential:
  • Solar energy: Gross potential of 2,134 × 10³ PJ, technical potential of 7,411 PJ.
  • Total renewable potential: Gross 4,940 × 10³ PJ, technical 7,507 PJ.

Policy Landscape

• The government has adopted several strategies and laws to promote renewable energy, including:
  • Strategy of Action for Five Priority Development Areas (2017-2021): Aims to reduce energy intensity and expand renewable energy use.
  • Strategy for Innovative Development (2019-2021): Targets 20% renewable generation in the power mix by 2025.
  • Strategy for Transition to Green Economy (2019-2030): Aims for 25% renewable share in the power mix by 2030 and includes measures for smart metering, grid modernisation, and industrial automation.
  • Concept Note for Electricity Supply (2020-2030): Defines long-term objectives for improving electricity supply, including renewable integration and market development.

Barriers to Solar Energy Deployment

The report identifies several barriers to the deployment of solar energy in Uzbekistan:

1. Solar Resource and Workforce:

   • Limited data on solar resource and workforce availability.
   • Need for improved training and awareness programs.

2. Policy, Regulatory, and Market Frameworks:

   • Inconsistent policy frameworks.
   • Need for a clear and stable regulatory environment.
   • Market mechanisms that support solar investment.

3. Non-Economic Barriers:

   • Lack of awareness and public acceptance.
   • Inadequate infrastructure for solar integration.

4. Financing and Economic Factors:

   • High initial investment costs.
   • Limited access to financing.
   • Need for financial incentives and tariff structures that support solar projects.

5. Energy Infrastructure:

   • Inadequate grid infrastructure for integrating renewable sources.
   • Need for modernisation and expansion of transmission and distribution networks.

Solar Energy Roadmap for 2030

The roadmap outlines three key focus areas:

• Maximising Solar Benefits: Enhancing solar energy's role in the energy system through policy support and infrastructure development.
• Policy and Regulatory Frameworks: Establishing a robust legal and regulatory environment to enable solar deployment.
• Power System Flexibility: Improving grid stability and flexibility to handle the increasing share of solar energy.

Large-Scale Solar PV Projects

• As of 2021, 1,300 MW of solar capacity had been awarded through competitive bidding.
• Key projects include:
  • 100 MW in Navoi (2020) by Masdar.
  • 220 MW in Samarkand (2021) by Masdar.
  • 220 MW in Jizzakh (2021) by Masdar.
  • 457 MW in Sherabad, Surkhandarya (2021) by Masdar.
• Future projects are planned in Namangan, Bukhara, and Xorazm regions, with tariff details pending.

Conclusion

The roadmap highlights the significant solar energy potential in Uzbekistan and outlines a comprehensive policy framework to harness it effectively. It calls for coordinated actions across government and private sectors, improved infrastructure, and market reforms to ensure sustainable and secure solar energy deployment by 2030. The report also draws on international best practices to guide Uzbekistan's transition to a more diversified and renewable energy-based system.