2021-11-30-世界经济论坛-Sustainable_Road_Transport_and_Pricing_25页_4mb

报告摘要

Sustainable Road Transport and Pricing

Introduction

Road transport pricing should be revised to reflect societal, environmental and economic costs. Pricing mechanisms can improve efficiency, support decarbonization, and enhance mobility equity when designed as part of an integrated plan.

Pricing Mechanisms

Road pricing systems should be dynamic and differentiated to reflect capacity constraints. Key types include:

Congestion Pricing: Charges based on traffic volume and time
Emission Pricing: Reflects environmental/climate costs
Parking Pricing: Demand-responsive pricing for road usage
Curb Pricing: Regulates access to public resources like parking spaces

Implementation Mechanisms

Marginal-cost pricing: Aligns price with actual costs
Connected vehicle technology: Enables real-time pricing
Auction-based systems: Use bidding agents for dynamic pricing
Pilot programs: Essential for testing and public acceptance

Mobility Equity

Community involvement: Stakeholders should shape pricing policies
Targeted subsidies: Discounts for low-income individuals and persons with disabilities
Transparent revenue use: Funds investments in sustainable mobility infrastructure
Accessibility considerations: Pricing should not exacerbate transportation disparities

Conclusion

Road pricing mechanisms should be designed with equity in mind. Key recommendations include:

Defining clear sustainability objectives
Implementing dynamic, transparent pricing schemes
Building appropriate regulatory frameworks
Ensuring community participation throughout the process
Investing revenues in complementary sustainable mobility options

Modern technology offers new opportunities for implementing sophisticated pricing mechanisms that better reflect the true costs of road transportation while supporting sustainable urban mobility systems.

展开完整摘要