2023-03-22-世界经济论坛-Road_Freight_Zero_Towards_a_Holistic_Regulatory_Framework_for_Reducing_Road_Freight_Emissions_in_Europe_9页_21mb

Road Freight Zero Briefing Paper Summary

Goal

Accelerate adoption of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles (ZETs) across the European Union to meet ambitious emissions reduction targets aligned with the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C goal.

Key Recommendations for a Holistic Regulatory Framework

1. Subsidize Early ZET Purchases: Jump-start market adoption, increase investments, and reduce costs through direct purchase incentives.
2. Provide Incentives for High-GCW, High-Range Vehicles: Encourage adoption of suitable zero-emission technology in critical transport segments.
3. Implement a Five-Year Rolling CO2 Credit/Debit System: Offer regulatory flexibility for manufacturers while maintaining ambition.
4. Establish an Emissions Trading System (ETS) for Road Transport & Road Charging: Use differentiated pricing based on CO2 emissions to incentivize investment in ZETs.
5. Address Payload/Road Dimensions: Re-evaluate and adjust weight allowances and vehicle dimensions in regulations (e.g., Weights and Dimensions Directive) to account for payload reduction/constraints of ZETs.
6. Harmonize Permit/Building Procedures: Streamline approval processes across Member States to accelerate infrastructure deployment (answering the "chicken-and-egg" problem).
7. Site Selection/Optimal Deployment: Identify suitable locations for charging/hydrogen refueling infrastructure with grid capacity.
8. Support Grid Connections & Pilot MCS: Invest in and test the reliability of Megawatt Charging Systems.

Context & Challenges

• Road transport is the largest emissions sector in the EU, with heavy-duty vehicles responsible for ~25% of road emissions.
• The EU Commission's proposal sets high CO2 reduction targets for HDVs (-43%, -64%, -90%).
• Technology exists for ZETs, but scaling up production and deployment requires significant infrastructure investment and overcoming high Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).
• Current Level 2 charging infrastructure is insufficient for long-haul needs.
• Fleet operators need assurance that ZETs won't negate existing payload capacities, and dimension proposals need careful balancing.

Enablers & Measures

• Flexibility mechanisms in CO2 compliance (credit/debit).
• Clear, sustainable TCO benefits (e.g., longer-term subsidies beyond short-term marketing).
• Harmonized infrastructure planning, permitting, and siting standards.
• Strategic investment support for reusable batteries, Megawatt Charging Systems (MCS), grid capacity, and hydrogen refueling.

This framework aims to overcome critical obstacles to ensure the ZEV transition happens at the necessary speed and scale in Europe.