英文_安永_应用_IFRS_-_关联财务报告_气候变化会计_106页_6mb

1. Overview
Climate change impacts financial reporting through connectivity, judgment, and uncertainty. Entities must integrate climate-related risks into financial statements, enhancing disclosures and ensuring consistency. Key areas include impairment, hedging, decommissioning, and fair value.

2. Disclosure Requirements

• Assumptions and Judgments: Disclose climate-related assumptions (e.g., asset useful life, decommissioning costs) even absent quantifiable materiality. Examples include L‘Air Liquide and BHP.
• Going Concern: Assess long-term climate risks, not just short-term. Disclose if climate uncertainty affects the going concern basis.
• Consistency: Ensure that sustainability disclosures align with financial reporting to avoid misrepresentation.

3. Property, Plant and Equipment (PP&E)

• Useful Life: Climate legislation may shorten asset lifecycles (e.g., fossil fuel assets). Depreciation should reflect this with adjustments to residual values and impairment triggers.
• Impairment: Climate change can render assets stranded. Impairment tests require sensitivity analyses and updated projections.

4. Impairment of Assets

• Direct Impact: Physical risks (e.g., extreme weather) and transition risks (e.g., Carbon Levies) can impair assets. Sensitivity analyses and multiple scenarios are needed for valuation.
• Judgments: Disclose key assumptions like sales prices, input costs, and terminal growth rates. Scenario analysis (e.g., Paris Agreement alignment) is critical for CGUs.

5. Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets

• Legislative Changes: Climate-related laws may create new liabilities (e.g., carbon taxes, decommissioning). Public commitments may trigger constructive obligations.
• Judgments: Assess the probability of outflows for contingent liabilities (e.g., fines). Disclose commitments' impact if they influence impairment.

6. Fair Value Measurement

• Estimation Uncertainty: Incorporate climate risk variables into fair value inputs. Publish assumptions consistently with sustainability reports.
• Scenarios: Use probability-weighted fair value models (e.g., credit risk), especially if climate variables aren’t observable. Examples include renewable assets and carbon credits.

7. Financial Instruments

• Credit Losses: Climate risks increase credit impairment losses, especially long-term exposures. Cash flow classifications (SPPI test) may change due to sustainability-linked features.
• Amendments: IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 updates allow flexibility in hedging variable electricity contracts.

8. Carbon Credits and Renewable Energy Certificates

• Mandatory Markets: Account for compliance schemes (e.g., Emissions Trading) as liabilities or grants. Use simple averaging systems to manage pricing.
• Voluntary Markets: Discount carbon credits based on proven value (IAS 2, 38). Disclose criteria for recognition and trading.

9. Nature-dependent Electricity Contracts

• PPA Structure: Assess whether agreements settle net or are operational leases. The own-use exemption allows for revenue recognition due to volatility.
• Amendments: New rules effective Jan 1, 2026 allow variable forecasting for hedging, subject to net purchaser analysis.

10. Other Considerations

• Consistency: Align Sustainability Reporting Standards (ISSB) with IFRS for integrated financial disclosures.
• Emerging Areas: Address climate impacts in diverse fields like agriculture, insurance, and agriculture standards (IFRS 17).