2023-02-27-世界卫生组织-Monthly_operational_update_on_health_emergencies_-_February_2023_20页_6mb

报告摘要

Summary of WHO's Monthly Operational Update on Health Emergencies

Core Content

WHO's Monthly Operational Update now covers all health emergencies, including the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This update provides an overview of WHO's activities in various global health crises, emphasizing risk communication, emergency logistics, and disease outbreak management.

Key Health Emergencies and WHO's Response

1. Earthquake Response in Türkiye and Syria (February 2023)

A 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck southern Türkiye and northern Syria on 6 February 2023, causing over 43,000 deaths and 108,000 injuries.
9.1 million people were affected, with freezing temperatures and damaged infrastructure increasing health risks.
WHO requires US$ 84.57 million to support the response in both countries.
Key priorities:
- Ensuring access to essential health services for vulnerable populations.
- Providing trauma care, mental health support, and emergency medical supplies.
- Strengthening disease surveillance and health infrastructure rehabilitation.
- Coordinating international health response through Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs).
WHO and partners developed public health advice on topics such as frostbite, tetanus, and child protection.
Materials were translated into Turkish and disseminated through social media.
52 social media publications were posted by the Ministry of Health, with WHO's Regional Office for Europe reaching over 100,000 people through social media.

2. Cholera Outbreak in Malawi (2022–2023)

Malawi is experiencing its deadliest cholera outbreak in history, with 43,434 cases and 1,412 deaths reported as of 14 February 2023.
The outbreak was triggered by cyclone and flooding in March 2022, displacing populations with low immunity and limited access to WASH infrastructure.
WHO disbursed US$ 4.2 million to Malawi from its Contingency Fund for Emergencies.
Key response measures:
- Deployment of Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs).
- Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) distribution: 4.8 million doses mobilized.
- Establishment of cholera treatment units and 47 oral rehydration points.
- Training for healthcare workers.
- Community awareness campaigns.
- WASH interventions including house-to-house chlorination.

3. Cholera Response in the Dominican Republic

The first cholera case was detected in October 2022.
85,000 doses of OCV were delivered in January 2023.
WHO and PAHO/WHO provided medical supplies, testing equipment, and hygiene kits.
Health promotion messages were distributed to raise awareness about prevention and care.
The response included vaccination campaigns and immunization of zero-dose children.

4. Drought Response in Somalia (Greater Horn of Africa)

Somalia is part of a complex emergency due to drought, conflict, and economic shocks.
WHO partnered with UNICEF, WFP, and others to implement the Integrated Response Framework (IRF), targeting five drought-affected states.
193,000 people received essential health services from August 2022 to January 2023.
Key activities included:
- Vitamin A and deworming for 64,000 children.
- Iron and folic acid for 35,000 pregnant women.
- Vaccination of 434,000 children against polio and measles.
- Oral rehydration solutions for 36,000 children.
WHO's outreach teams reached thousands in hard-to-reach areas, providing lifesaving services.

Global Logistics and Preparedness

5. Dubai Logistics Hub Upgraded to Global Logistics Centre for Health Emergencies

The WHO Logistics Hub in Dubai, UAE was instrumental in the COVID-19 response, distributing US$ 70 million worth of supplies to 137 countries.
In 2022, the Hub processed 578 emergency shipments worth US$ 45 million.
The Global Logistics Centre for Health Emergencies is being developed as a strategic initiative to enhance preparedness and response to global health threats.
It aims to increase availability of medical supplies for 10 to 15 million health workers and people in need.
The Centre will also focus on capacity development, innovation, and training to build a global network of medical logistics experts.

Innovation in Health Infrastructure

6. Téchne Network Streamlines ETC Design in Uganda

Téchne, a WHO technical science for health network, was used to standardize the design of Ebola Treatment Centers (ETCs) in Uganda.
The design was reviewed and implemented by MSF in Kampala, improving infection prevention and control.
Téchne extended its support to neighboring countries, including Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, and Tanzania.
A prototype standardized layout is being developed for four-bed treatment centers to be used in regional hospitals.
The initiative is part of the 180-day post-Ebola recovery phase and aims to improve national outbreak preparedness.

Risk Communication and Community Engagement

7. WHO's Role in Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE)

RCCE is a central component of WHO's emergency response, ensuring target populations receive timely and accurate health information.
In Türkiye, WHO supported the Ministry of Health in developing public health advice on 20 key topics.
Materials were translated into Turkish and disseminated through social media.
WHO's Regional Office for Europe reached over 100,000 people through social media platforms.
42 signals were detected through social listening, indicating effective outreach.

Key Figures and Reports

49 graded emergencies globally as of February 2023.
8 grade 3 emergencies and 5 protracted grade 3 emergencies.
25 grade 2 emergencies and 7 protracted grade 2 emergencies.
42.6 million online data analyzed by WHO for infodemic management in January 2023.
WHO Health Emergency Dashboard, EMS 2, and AEM Daily global situation update provide real-time data and updates on health emergencies.

Conclusion

WHO continues to play a central role in global health emergency response, with a focus on risk communication, logistics, and disease outbreak control. The upgrading of the Dubai Logistics Hub and the standardization of ETC design through Téchne are key innovations in preparedness and response. The ongoing cholera outbreaks in Malawi and the Dominican Republic, along with the drought response in Somalia, highlight the multifaceted nature of WHO's work in health emergencies. Continued funding and collaboration are essential to sustain and scale these efforts.