2025年气候和自然灾难洞察报告_109页_6mb

Climate and Catastrophe Insight Summary

Core Content Overview

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of global natural disaster events and their economic and insured loss impacts in 2024, emphasizing the growing role of climate change in shaping catastrophe risk and the importance of adaptation, disaster preparedness, and insurance solutions in mitigating these effects.

Key Findings

Global Economic and Insured Losses

• Total Global Economic Losses in 2024: $368 billion, which is 14% above the 21st-century average.
• Total Global Insured Losses in 2024: $145 billion, marking the sixth-costliest year on record, and 54% above the 21st-century average.
• Protection Gap: 60% of global economic losses remain uninsured, a decrease from 69% in 2023.
• Top Events:
  • Hurricane Helene was the costliest event with $75 billion in economic losses.
  • Hurricanes Helene and Milton combined caused $37.5 billion in insured losses, including contributions from the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).
  • Severe Convective Storms (SCS) were the most damaging peril for insurers, with over $60 billion in losses.
  • Floods were the most expensive peril overall, with $45 billion in losses from Hurricane Helene's inland flooding alone.

Regional Insights

• United States: Accounted for $218 billion in economic losses and $145 billion in insured losses, making it the largest contributor to global losses.
• Asia-Pacific (APAC): Suffered significant losses from floods in China, the Noto Earthquake in Japan, and Typhoon Yagi in Southeast Asia.
• EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa): Floods were the dominant peril, with $35 billion in losses from events in Spain, Central Europe, Germany, and the UAE.
• Americas (non-U.S.): Experienced a mix of perils, including wildfires in Canada, hurricane remnants, and hailstorms.

Trends and Patterns

• 2024 was the warmest year on record, with a 1.55°C/2.79°F anomaly compared to pre-industrial levels.
• 15 consecutive months of record-high temperatures between July 2023 and August 2024.
• 20 countries and territories recorded their highest temperatures in 2024.
• Global Fatalities: Approximately 18,100 people died from natural disasters in 2024, the lowest since 1992, attributed to improved early warnings, preparedness, and response strategies.

Main Themes and Recommendations

1. Climate Change and Disaster Risk

• The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters are driven by climate change, particularly heatwaves, extreme weather events, and floods.
• Adaptation and preparedness are essential to reduce both economic and human losses, especially in high-risk areas.

2. Insurance and Financial Resilience

• Insurance coverage is critical for financial recovery and resilience.
• SCS and tropical cyclones are the most damaging perils, but floods have the highest economic impact.
• Insured losses were 78% of total global losses in 2024, with $145 billion in total.

3. Socioeconomic and Infrastructure Impacts

• Population growth and urbanization in high-risk areas are driving increased losses.
• Infrastructure resilience is key to mitigating damage, as demonstrated by the effectiveness of building codes in Florida during Hurricane Helene.
• Critical infrastructure (e.g., data centers, power grids, supply chains) must be climate-proofed to prevent disruptions.

4. Risk Management and Innovation

• Risk management is vital for business continuity, especially in the face of extreme weather.
• Innovation in parametric insurance, predictive analytics, and climate modeling is necessary to address evolving risks.
• Collaboration between insurance, government, and technology sectors is essential to build resilient systems and sustainable solutions.

Critical Takeaways

• Adaptation and preparedness significantly reduce the impact of natural disasters.
• Insurance plays a pivotal role in covering losses and enabling recovery, though the global protection gap remains a challenge.
• SCS and tropical cyclones are becoming more frequent and costly, especially in the United States.
• Climate change is a major driver of increasing disaster losses and is expected to continue shaping risk profiles globally.
• Technological advancements (e.g., AI, IoT, advanced analytics) offer new tools for risk assessment and disaster response.

Conclusion

The 2024 report highlights the escalating costs of natural disasters due to climate change and increased exposure. It underscores the importance of insurance in reducing financial impacts and the necessity of adaptation and preparedness to safeguard communities and businesses. As the climate crisis intensifies, the (re)insurance industry must innovate and collaborate to enhance resilience and reduce the protection gap.