2007-11-14-世界卫生组织-Protecting_workers_from_ultraviolet_radiation_110页_2mb

Summary: Protecting Workers from Ultraviolet Radiation

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) originates from solar and artificial sources, exposing outdoor and indoor workers to potential health risks. UVR is divided into UVC, UVB, and UVA spectra, with UVB being the most biologically damaging for humans. UVR exposure leads to acute effects (sunburn, photokeratitis) and chronic effects (skin aging, skin cancer, cataracts). Workers in outdoor and indoor occupations, such as welding, may receive significant exposure. Greater individual susceptibility exists among those with fair skin (skin phototypes I-IV). Occupational exposure limits exist for both skin and eye protection. Protective measures include engineering controls (e.g., enclosures, interlocks), administrative measures (e.g., training, schedules), and personal protective equipment (clothing, sunscreen). Monitoring and assessment methods include dosimeters and exposure limits defined by ICNIRP guidelines.

Key points:

• UVR sources: natural (sun) and artificial (welding arcs, UV lamps).
• Health risks: skin damage (melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer), eye damage.
• Exposure risk factors: season, latitude, skin type, behavior, reflectance surfaces.
• Protective measures: shade, clothing, UV protection (UPF), sunscreen, eye protection.
• Monitoring: dosimeters, UV index awareness.