WTO-中美洲和墨西哥的贸易融资（英）-2025_128页_5mb

Trade Finance Analysis in Central America & Mexico

Bank-Intermediated Trade and Supply Chain Finance

• Total estimated bank-intermediated trade and supply chain finance (TSCF) in 2023:
  • $5.3 billion in Guatemala (8% of merchandise trade)
  • $3.0 billion in Honduras (10% of merchandise trade)
  • $91.3 billion in Mexico (11% of merchandise trade)
• SCF use is highest in Mexico (17% of TSCF assets), moderate in Guatemala (4%), and low in Honduras (1%).
• Mexican SCF markets are advanced due to regulatory innovations, foreign bank presence, and e-invoicing.

Constraints in Trade Finance Provision

• Bank-Level Constraints:
  • Honduras: Severe limitations due to macroeconomic volatility, regulatory barriers, and liquidity issues.
  • Guatemala and Mexico: Higher liquidity needs, collateral requirements, and lower low-cost funding availability.
• Funding Sources:
  • Large international banks dominate trade finance provision.
  • Correspondent banking relationships are scarce for smaller local banks.

Impact of Expanding Trade Finance Coverage and Reducing Costs

• Doubling local trade finance coverage and aligning costs with global benchmarks:
  • Projecteds increases in trade volume: Mexico by $85.1 billion, Guatemala by $2.8 billion, Honduras by $2.3 billion.
  • Export growth ranges from 7.8% (Guatemala) to 8.9% (Honduras), and 7.4% (Mexico).
• Specific impacts vary by region and country policies: Latin America benefits from integrated finance solutions.

Key Recommendations

1. Expand Markets:
   • Harmonize regulations and advance digitalization (e-invoicing, e-receipts).
   • Strengthen sector-level operating infrastructure and enhance SCF.
2. Modernize Regulations:
   • Ensure high-quality e-invoicing and simplify registration; develop warehouse receipt systems.
   • Foster regional regulatory alignment and integrate with key partners.
3. Reduce Costs:
   • Improve risk-assessment methods in banks and leverage climate finance instruments.
   • Subsidize capital and operational costs for small enterprises and women-owned firms.
4. Enhance Financial Sector Capacity:
   • Bolster liquidity support, improve regulatory compliance advice, and expand correspondent banking networks.
   • Implement capacity-building programs through regional/multilateral institutions.

**Note**: All statistics reflect weighted averages across GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, and MEXICO unless otherwise specified. Confidence intervals may vary by country.