2025-06-16-世界银行-2019年所罗门群岛的多维贫困和空间差异（英）_72页_10mb

Multidimensional Poverty and Spatial Disparities in Solomon Islands (2009-2019)

Introduction
Solomon Islands faces low human development and constrained economic growth, with a multidimensional poverty rate of 35% in 2019, higher than regional averages. Poverty is measured across health, education, and living standards using nine indicators, highlighting gaps beyond monetary poverty.

Methodology

• Dimensions: Health (child mortality), Education (enrollment, attainment), and Living Standards (housing, water, sanitation, electricity, assets).
• Incidence: Proportion of the population in multidimensional poverty.
• Intensity: Average deprivation among the poor.

Key Findings

• Poverty Levels: About 35% of Solomon Islanders are multidimensionally poor, higher than neighboring Pacific nations. Urban areas (16% poverty) have lower rates than rural areas (43%).
• Spatial Disparities: Poverty is concentrated in rural areas and provinces like Guadalcanal (47%) and Malaita (43%). While urbanization grew by 7% annually, rural poverty persists despite convergence in some areas.
• Drivers of Reduction: Migration and urbanization drove poverty reduction indirectly, with rural-to-urban migration accounting for 30% of poverty decline. Improvements in housing and water access reduced poverty, but educational and job opportunities stagnated.
• Government Role: Constituency Development Funds (CDFs) allocated funds disproportionately to housing, reducing housing deprivation but neglecting other needs like water. Water investment improved access but moderately.

Policy Implications

• Enhance CDF governance and target investments to high-poverty areas.
• Accelerate rural infrastructure development, especially WASH and energy access.
• Promote digitalization, tourism, and private sector growth to overcome economic constraints.
• Strengthen urban planning and service delivery in Honiara to balance growth and equity.

Conclusion
Addressing multidimensional poverty requires integrating efficient rural investments, improving service delivery, and strategic urban planning to leverage economic growth while mitigating spatial inequalities.