2023-11-08-联合国贸易发展委员会-全球港口基础设施充足率指数_试点阶段的结果_37页_1mb

Summary of the Global Port Infrastructure Sufficiency Index (PISI) Pilot Phase

Core Content

The Global Port Infrastructure Sufficiency Index (PISI) is a proposed global performance indicator for ports, focusing on three main components: Punctuality (vessel time), Safety and Security, and Digitalization. The report presents the findings from Phase 2 (2021-2023) of the PISI project, which was launched in 2019 by the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) in collaboration with UNCTAD.

The PISI aims to support strategic decisions in the port and maritime industry, enhance trade competitiveness, improve user satisfaction, and contribute to sustainable development goals. It is designed to be simple, user-friendly, and globally applicable, with the potential to serve as a benchmark for port performance and infrastructure sufficiency.

Main Components of the PISI

The PISI is structured around three key dimensions:

1. Punctuality (Vessel Time): Measures the efficiency of port operations by tracking turnaround time, berthing time, and waiting time of vessels.
2. Safety and Security: Evaluates the safety and security of port infrastructure, facilities, equipment, and human resources.
3. Digitalization: Assesses the level of ICT infrastructure, technology adoption, and digital transformation in ports and terminals.

Key Features and Value-Added

• The PISI is developed by KMI in collaboration with UNCTAD and other international partners.
• It combines AIS data (from VesselsValue) and survey questionnaire responses from port operators and authorities.
• The index is SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timely), making it a valuable research and policy tool.
• It is transparent and globally verifiable, with the potential to influence investment decisions, policy-making, and sustainable development.
• The PISI is expected to be free of charge and accessible to a wide range of stakeholders, including governments, ports, investors, and researchers.

PISI Project Phases

Phase 1 (2019-2020): Elaborating the PISI and its methodology

• KMI, supported by the Republic of Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), developed the PISI based on its national experience in port performance measurement.
• The methodology was reviewed and validated by an international Advisory Board chaired by UNCTAD.
• A comprehensive set of indicators and sub-indicators was established to capture the three main components of the PISI.

Phase 2 (2021-2023): Pilot phase — PISI testing and validation

• The pilot phase tested the PISI across 47 major container ports globally.
• The ports were selected based on their container throughput and were categorized by region and size.
• The survey questionnaire was distributed to 50 global container ports and extended to mid-April 2023 due to low initial response rates.
• The AIS data was used to analyze vessel time (turnaround, berthing, and waiting time), while the survey addressed safety, security, and digitalization.

Key Findings from Phase 2

Vessel Time by Region

• Middle East ports had the fastest turnaround and berthing times, with an annual average of 0.43 minutes per TEU.
• South Asian ports had the longest berthing times (0.96 minutes per TEU) and turnaround times (1.23 minutes per TEU), approximately twice the average of the Middle East.
• Southeast Asian ports had the second-highest waiting time (16.8 hours per vessel), following North American ports (22.9 hours per vessel).
• African ports had the lowest waiting time (1.5 hours per vessel), but the sample was limited to only 2 ports.

Vessel Time by Port Size

• Very Large Ports (10–15 million TEU) showed the lowest average turnaround time (0.74 minutes per TEU).
• Medium and Small Ports had higher waiting times, suggesting potential inefficiencies in their operations.
• The size of the port and its infrastructure capacity are closely linked to operational efficiency and service quality.

Conclusion

The PISI pilot phase has demonstrated the feasibility and relevance of a global port performance index. The index provides valuable insights into port infrastructure sufficiency, operational efficiency, and digital readiness. It is a tool for benchmarking, policy-making, and investment planning, and has the potential to support sustainable and resilient maritime supply chains.

The next steps include expanding the PISI to cover other port types and enhancing data collection methods. The PISI is expected to play a key role in global maritime policy and industry development, contributing to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, climate action, and digital transformation in the maritime sector.