战略与国际研究中心-The-Asian-Military-Balance-2003_100页_485kb

Military Balance: An Analytic Overview

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the military balance in Asia, focusing on defense spending, military forces, manpower, and arms sales. It is structured into ten parts, each detailing specific aspects of military capabilities and expenditures across different regions of Asia, as well as the role of Western military forces in the region.

Main Points

Part One: Comparative Military Spending

• Major Powers in 1990, 1995, 1999: The document compares military spending among major powers in the years 1990, 1995, and 1999, using constant US dollars (1999).
• World Defense Spending in 2001: Global military spending is analyzed, with figures in US dollars.
• South and East Asia Trends (Constant Dollars): Military spending trends in South and East Asia from 1987 to 1999 show increasing defense budgets, with East Asia experiencing a significant rise.
• South and East Asia Trends (Current Dollars): Current dollar trends also reflect growth in military spending, with East Asia leading in expenditure.
• Asian Defense Spending in 2001: Total defense spending in Asia is outlined, with major powers contributing significantly.
• Major Asian Powers in 2001: Specific defense spending data is provided for key Asian countries, highlighting the disparity in budgets.

Part Two: Comparative Military Forces

• Asian Military Forces in 2003: Includes active and reserve manpower, as well as strategic missile forces, with data for China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
• US Forces in the Pacific: Detailed breakdown of US military presence in the Pacific, including forces in Hawaii, Japan, South Korea, Guam, and Diego Garcia. The 3rd Fleet and 7th Fleet are highlighted, with their respective areas of operation and force composition.

Part Three: Comparative Military Manpower

• Selected Major Powers in 2003: Manpower figures are provided for key Asian countries.
• Top Ten in Military Spending per Active Man/Woman: The US, China, and other countries are listed with their per capita military spending in 1999.
• Asian Active Military Manpower in 2003: Manpower by service is detailed, showing the distribution among different branches.
• Asian Military Manpower in Key Powers: Further breakdown of military manpower in key Asian countries, with notes on the exclusion of certain forces from USPACOM totals.

Part Four: Comparative Land Weapons

• Main Battle Tanks in 2003: Lists the number of active tanks for various Asian countries, with a note on India's pending deliveries.
• Armored Fighting Vehicles and APCs: Includes data on tanks, OAFVs, APCs, and reconnaissance units.
• Land Weapons in Key Powers: Highlights the variety of land-based weapons across different Asian countries, noting the inclusion of marine equipment and specific artillery types.
• Artillery Strength in 2003: Artillery numbers are provided, with a note on Taiwan's coastal artillery.

Part Five: Comparative Air Weapons

• Fixed and Rotary Wing Combat Aircraft in 2003: Shows the number of active combat aircraft in Asian countries, with notes on Singapore's and North Korea's pending acquisitions.
• Combat Aircraft Holdings in Key Powers: Further details on aircraft types, including bombers, fighters, and transport aircraft.

Part Six: Comparative Naval Weapons

• Naval Combat Ships in 2003: Lists the number of active naval combat ships for various Asian countries.
• Naval Combat Ships in Key Powers: Specific breakdown of naval forces, including carriers, destroyers, frigates, and patrol craft.
• Western Naval Combat Ships Affecting the Asian Balance: Western naval forces are outlined, showing their impact on the region's military balance.

Part Seven: Military Balance in Northeast Asia

• Comparative Spending Trends (Constant Dollars): Military spending in Northeast Asia (North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan) from 1987 to 1999 shows fluctuating trends, with North Korea's spending decreasing significantly.
• Comparative Spending Trends (Current Dollars): Current dollar trends indicate continued investment in defense by key Northeast Asian countries.
• Arms Imports in Northeast Asia (Constant Dollars): Arms import trends are analyzed, showing the role of Russia, China, and North Korea in the region's military procurement.
• Arms Imports in Northeast Asia (Current Dollars): Current dollar import figures further illustrate the scale of arms procurement.
• Military Forces in Northeast Asia (2003): Includes data on military forces, tanks, armored vehicles, and artillery.
• Military Manpower in Key Powers: Manpower in key Northeast Asian countries is detailed, emphasizing the size of active and reserve forces.

Part Eight: Military Balance in Southeast Asia

• Comparative Spending Trends (Constant Dollars): Southeast Asian military spending trends from 1987 to 1999 are outlined, showing growth.
• Comparative Spending Trends (Current Dollars): Current dollar trends indicate an increase in defense spending.
• Arms Imports in Southeast Asia (Constant Dollars): Arms import data highlights the role of major suppliers in the region.
• Arms Imports in Southeast Asia (Current Dollars): Current dollar import figures provide a more recent perspective on procurement.
• Military Forces in Southeast Asia (2003): Includes detailed data on military forces, tanks, armored vehicles, and artillery.
• Military Manpower in Key Powers: Manpower figures for key Southeast Asian countries are presented.

Part Nine: Military Balance in South Asia

• Comparative Spending Trends (Constant Dollars): South Asian military spending trends from 1987 to 1999 are analyzed.
• Comparative Spending Trends (Current Dollars): Current dollar trends show increased investment in defense.
• Arms Imports in South Asia (Constant Dollars): Import data highlights the involvement of major suppliers.
• Arms Imports in South Asia (Current Dollars): Current dollar import figures reflect recent procurement activities.
• Military Forces in South Asia (2003): Includes data on military forces, tanks, armored vehicles, and artillery.
• Military Manpower in Key Powers: Manpower distribution in South Asian countries is detailed.

Part Ten: Arms Transfers

• Major Arms Exporters (1987–1999): Lists the major arms exporters and their regional influence.
• Regional and Major Exporter Shares (1990–2001): Highlights the share of arms sales and deliveries by region.
• Arms Imports in South and East Asia (Current Dollars): Data on arms imports in South and East Asia from 1987 to 1999.
• Arms Imports in South and East Asia (Constant Dollars): Constant dollar analysis of arms imports.
• Trends in Russian, Chinese, and North Korean Arms Exports: Compares the export trends of these countries against total global exports.
• Russian and Chinese Arms Agreements to the Developing World: Percentage of agreements and deliveries to the developing world.
• Trends in Chinese Arms Exports and Imports: Analysis of China's arms trade from 1987 to 1999.
• Chinese Arms Deliveries and Agreements (1989–1999): Details on Chinese arms deliveries to the developing world.
• Chinese Deliveries to Developing Nations (1986–2001): Lists major weapons delivered by China.
• Chinese Tactical Missile Deliveries (1983–2001): Focuses on the delivery of tactical missiles.
• North Korean Arms Trends (1987–1999): Analysis of North Korea's arms exports and imports.

Key Information

• Defense Spending: Asia's total military spending in 2001 was significant, with East Asia being the highest spender.
• Manpower: Asian countries have substantial active and reserve military manpower, with China and India being the largest contributors.
• Land Forces: Main battle tanks, armored fighting vehicles, and artillery are key components of land forces, with notable variations among countries.
• Air Forces: Combat aircraft, including fighters and transport planes, are critical to air capabilities, with China and South Korea leading in numbers.
• Naval Forces: Naval combat ships and submarines play a major role in maritime security, with the US maintaining a significant presence in the Pacific.
• Arms Transfers: China, Russia, and North Korea are major arms exporters, with a notable share of global arms trade.
• Regional Trends: Each region (Northeast, Southeast, South Asia) shows distinct trends in military spending, forces, and imports, influenced by geopolitical and strategic considerations.

Summary

This document offers a detailed and comparative analysis of military spending, forces, manpower, and arms transfers in Asia, with a focus on key regions and powers. It highlights the growing defense budgets in East Asia, the significant military presence of the US in the Pacific, and the role of major arms exporters in shaping the military balance. The data is presented in both constant and current dollars, providing insights into long-term trends and recent developments.