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Military Balance: An Analytic Overview

Core Content

This document provides a comprehensive overview of the military balance in Asia, focusing on defense spending, military forces, manpower, and arms transfers from 1987 to 2003. It includes comparative data across different regions and key countries, highlighting trends and capabilities.

Main Points and Key Information

Part One: Comparative Military Spending

• Major Powers' Military Spending (1990, 1995, 1999):

  • The data is presented in constant US dollars (1999).
  • The military spending of South Asia and East Asia increased over the years, with East Asia showing a more significant rise.
  • In 1999, South Asia's military spending was approximately $17 billion, while East Asia's reached $182 billion.

• World Defense Spending in 2001:

  • Total global military spending was reported in US dollars, with Asian countries contributing a significant share.
  • The document outlines the spending of major Asian powers, including China, India, South Korea, and others, in billions of US dollars.

• Comparative Military Spending Trends (1987–1999):

  • In constant dollars, South Asia's military spending rose from $11 billion in 1987 to $17 billion in 1999.
  • East Asia's spending increased from $93 billion to $182 billion over the same period.
  • In current dollars, South Asia's spending was higher in 1999 compared to 1987, but East Asia's saw a more substantial increase.

Part Two: Comparative Military Forces

• Asian Military Forces (2003):
  • Manpower:
    • China had the largest active military force with 2,270,000 personnel.
    • Japan had 239,900, South Korea 686,000, and India 1,298,000.
    • Paramilitary forces were also significant, with India having the largest at 1,089,700.
  • Strategic Missile Force:
    • China had 1,000 strategic missile personnel.
    • No data was provided for Japan, South Korea, or Taiwan.
  • Regular Army Manpower:
    • China: 1,600,000; Japan: 148,200; South Korea: 560,000; India: 1,100,000.
  • Reserve Manpower:
    • China: 5–600,000; Japan: 45,100; South Korea: 4,500,000; India: 340,000.
  • Combat Aircraft:
    • China had the most with 1,966 combat aircraft, followed by India with 701.
    • South Korea and Taiwan also had significant numbers, with South Korea having 538 and Taiwan 479.
  • Naval Combat Ships:
    • China had 56, India 7, South Korea 12, and Vietnam 6.
    • The document includes details on various types of naval vessels, such as carriers, destroyers, frigates, and patrol crafts.

Part Three: Comparative Military Manpower

• Selected Major Powers (2003):

  • The data is presented in thousands of personnel.
  • The document notes that Iraq's figures reflect pre-war totals.
  • It also lists the top ten countries in terms of military spending per active personnel, highlighting the efficiency of military spending in different nations.

• Asian Active Military Manpower (2003):

  • China had the highest with 1,298,000 active personnel.
  • Other countries like India, South Korea, and Vietnam had varying numbers, with India being the largest in total manpower.
  • The data includes figures for different military branches and key powers.

Part Four: Comparative Land Weapons

• Main Battle Tanks (2003):

  • China had the most with 7,010 tanks.
  • India had 2,798, South Korea 2,390, and Taiwan 926.
  • Notes mention that India was awaiting additional tanks and that Taiwan's artillery included coastal weapons.

• Armored Fighting Vehicles (AIFVs) and Light Tanks:

  • China had 2,160, India 1,590, and South Korea 40.
  • The data includes information on various types of armored vehicles and light tanks.

• Artillery Strength:

  • China had 14,000 towed artillery pieces, while India had 3,575.
  • The document also includes figures for multiple rocket launchers (MRLs) and mortars.

Part Five: Comparative Air Weapons

• Fixed and Rotary Wing Combat Aircraft (2003):

  • China had the most with 1,966 combat aircraft.
  • India had 701, South Korea 538, and Taiwan 479.
  • The data includes details on various aircraft types, such as fighters, bombers, and transport planes.

• Combat Aircraft Holdings for Key Powers (2003):

  • China had 1,012 major surface-to-air missile (SAM) launchers.
  • South Korea had 1,120 light SAM launchers.
  • The document also lists the number of AA guns and other aircraft types.

Part Six: Comparative Naval Weapons

• Naval Combat Ships (2003):
  • The document includes a detailed breakdown of naval forces for various Asian countries, including Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea, and others.
  • China had 56 amphibious ships, India 7, and South Korea 12.
  • The data includes information on different types of naval vessels, such as carriers, destroyers, frigates, and patrol crafts.

Part Seven: Military Balance in Northeast Asia

• Military Spending Trends (1987–1999):

  • In constant dollars, Northeast Asia's military spending increased significantly, with China and South Korea leading the growth.
  • The document provides a detailed comparison of military spending across different countries in the region.

• Military Manpower in Key Powers (2003):

  • The data includes figures for China, South Korea, and other key powers in Northeast Asia.

• Land and Air Weapons in Northeast Asia (2003):

  • The document lists the number of main battle tanks, armored fighting vehicles, artillery, and combat aircraft in the region.

Part Eight: Military Balance in Southeast Asia

• Military Spending Trends (1987–1999):

  • In constant dollars, Southeast Asia's military spending showed an upward trend.
  • The document compares spending across different countries in the region.

• Military Manpower in Key Powers (2003):

  • The data includes figures for various countries in Southeast Asia.

• Land and Air Weapons in Southeast Asia (2003):

  • The document provides a detailed breakdown of military assets, including tanks, artillery, and combat aircraft.

Part Nine: Military Balance in South Asia

• Military Spending Trends (1987–1999):

  • In constant dollars, South Asia's military spending increased over the years.
  • The document compares spending across different countries in the region.

• Military Manpower in Key Powers (2003):

  • The data includes figures for major powers in South Asia.

• Land and Air Weapons in South Asia (2003):

  • The document lists the number of main battle tanks, armored fighting vehicles, and combat aircraft in the region.

Part Ten: Arms Transfers

• Major Arms Exporters (1987–1999):

  • The document outlines trends in arms exports and imports for various countries, including Russia, China, and North Korea.
  • It highlights the percentage of arms agreements and deliveries to the developing world.

• Arms Imports in South and East Asia (1987–1999):

  • The data is presented in both current and constant dollars.
  • It shows that arms imports in these regions increased over the years.

• Trends in Russian, Chinese, and North Korean Arms Exports and Imports:

  • The document compares the arms trade activities of these countries with the global total.

• Chinese Arms Exports and Imports:

  • The data includes trends in Chinese arms exports and imports, as well as deliveries to the developing world.

• North Korean Arms Exports and Imports:

  • The document provides information on North Korea's arms trade activities and their impact on regional security.