UNDP-2021年G20各国人民气候投票（英）-2021.10-60页_3mb

报告摘要

Summary of "The Peoples' Climate Vote" (G20)

Core Content

The G20 Peoples' Climate Vote is a comprehensive survey conducted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in collaboration with the University of Oxford and Browning Environmental Communications, involving over 689,000 respondents across 18 G20 countries from October 2020 to June 2021. The survey includes more than 302,000 under-18-year-olds, providing a unique insight into the views of future voters on climate change.

The G20 countries are responsible for 75% of global GHG emissions, 80% of global GDP, 75% of international trade, and 60% of the world's population. As such, their actions will significantly impact the global ability to combat the climate crisis.

The survey was conducted using mobile gaming networks, making it the largest public opinion survey on climate change. It aimed to highlight the generational differences in public opinion and to serve as a predictor of future policy shifts as younger generations become more politically active.

Main Findings

Public Opinion on Climate Emergency

65% of adults across G20 countries believed climate change is a global emergency.
70% of under-18s shared this view, indicating a stronger belief in the climate emergency among the younger generation.
In Australia, the US, India, and Canada, the difference in perception between under-18s and adults was significant, with 10–15 percentage points of support difference.

Climate Policy Preferences

Financing Climate Action

Majority support was found for more funding for green businesses and jobs in 14 out of 18 G20 countries.
Australia (73%) had the highest support among under-18s, while UK (74%) had the highest among adults.
Republic of Korea (56%) showed higher adult support than under-18s (49%).

Cutting Emissions

Stopping burning polluting fuels was a popular policy in Australia, Canada, and EU members, with majority support from both adults and under-18s.
In India and Saudi Arabia, only 30% of adults supported this policy, compared to 36% and 32% of under-18s, respectively.
Under-18s showed significantly higher support for this policy in the US (12 points), Argentina (6 points), and India (6 points).

Renewable Energy

Majority support for renewable energy was seen in UK, Canada, Australia, France, and the US.
Under-18s were more supportive than adults in 12 out of 18 countries, with the largest gap in the US (10 points), France (8 points), and Brazil, Russia, and India (7 points each).

Adapting to Climate Change

Majority support for building resilient infrastructure to protect against extreme weather events was seen in 12 G20 countries.
Under-18s supported early warning systems and climate-friendly insurance more than adults, with 8–14 percentage point differences in several countries.
Insurance was seen as essential for protecting against damage from extreme weather events, especially flooding.

Key Policies and Support

Policy	Support Among Adults	Support Among Under-18s	Generational Gap
Stopping burning polluting fuels	Varies by country	Higher in some countries	Up to 12 points
Waste less energy	Varies by country	Higher in some countries	Up to 6 points
More renewable energy	Majority in many countries	Higher in under-18s	Up to 10 points
More clean electric vehicles and bicycles	Majority in many countries	Higher in under-18s	Up to 10 points
Require more transparency on product manufacturing	Varies by country	Lower in some countries	Up to 5 points
Make companies pay for pollution	Varies by country	Lower in some countries	Up to 10 points
Good and affordable insurance	Varies by country	Higher in under-18s	Up to 14 points
Building resilient infrastructure	Majority in many countries	Higher in adults	Up to 3 points

Main Viewpoints

Young people are more likely to perceive climate change as a global emergency than adults.
Educational background plays a key role in shaping climate policy support, with higher education linked to stronger support for climate action.
G20 governments need to listen to public opinion, especially from young people, to ensure effective and inclusive climate policies.
Climate finance is a critical issue, with developing countries facing increased debt pressures due to the economic impact of the pandemic.
Green recovery packages are essential to align with global climate goals, and public support for these is strong in many G20 countries.

Key Information

The survey was conducted using mobile gaming networks, allowing for a large and diverse sample.
The margin of error for the results is ±2%.
G20 members are central to global climate action, as they account for most of the world's emissions, GDP, and population.
Public opinion on climate change is shifting, with under-18s showing stronger support for climate action and green policies.
Climate policies that involve economic instruments (like carbon pricing) are more popular among adults, while transparency and insurance are more supported by under-18s.
The survey highlights the importance of intergenerational dialogue and inclusive policy-making to address the climate crisis effectively.