2025年世界贸易组织度报告_全球贸易格局的韧性与挑战（英）_198页_31mb

WTO Annual Report 2025: Summary

Overview

• The WTO Annual Report 2025 covers activities from early 2024 to early 2025, with a focus on global trade developments, key negotiations, reforms, and efforts to modernize the multilateral trading system.
• The 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13) in Abu Dhabi (Feb 2024) set a reform agenda, emphasizing dispute settlement, e-commerce, investment facilitation, and sustainable development.
• Despite challenges like geopolitical tensions, trade disruptions, and ongoing disputes, progress was made on integrating new members (Comoros and Timor-Leste) and advancing digital trade and environmental sustainability.

Key Highlights

1. Global Trade Developments

   • World trade saw mixed results in 2024: merchandise trade grew by 2.9% (value) and 4.3% (volume), while commercial services grew by 6.8%.
   • In 2025, trade growth is projected to remain flat (0.2% for goods) or contract due to rising tariffs and policy uncertainty.
   • Focus shifted to digital trade, green transition, and inclusive growth to address inequalities.

2. WTO Negotiations and Reform

   • Dispute Settlement Reform: Progress stalled, but consensus-building continued on appeal/review mechanisms.
   • E-commerce: The first-ever global rules agreed (Joint Initiative on Electronic Commerce), with plans for integration into the WTO framework.
   • Fisheries Subsidies: 106 members accepted the Agreement, bringing it closer to entry into force.
   • Agriculture: Stuck on subsidies and public stockholding; Brazil’s proposal for reforms was discussed.
   • LDCs and Development: New disciplines on services domestic regulation aim to lower trade costs ($125B+ annually by 2030).

3. Supporting Development

   • Aid for Trade: Disbursements reached ~$50B (2024), supporting infrastructure and capacity-building in developing economies.
   • LDC Integration: 37 LDCs have graduated from LDC status, retaining special treatment for another 3 years.
   • Technical Assistance: Over 7,000 participants engaged in 2024 training, with e-Learning participants up 14%.

4. Outreach and Initiatives

   • Young Trade Leaders Programme: 8 candidates from 2,000 applicants to drive trade inclusion.
   • Public Forum 2024: 3,000+ participants explored making trade “more inclusive.”
   • Digital Engagement: Record website visits (4.4M/month), 18%+ video content growth, and expanded e-Learning.

Structure and Membership

• WTO Structure: Hierarchical system with the Ministerial Conference as supreme, supported by councils, committees, and dispute settlement bodies.

  • New Members: Comoros (2024) and Timor-Leste (2024) joined, totaling 166 members.
  • Observers: 20 nations in accession talks.

• Secretariat: 610 staff as of 2024, with a female-majority (51%). Launched Strategy 2030 to enhance integrity, human rights, and human resources.

Challenges and Opportunities

• Disruptions: Geopolitical tensions and policy uncertainty hindered trade, but reforms aim to restore stability.
• Emerging Issues: AI’s impact on trade, climate change adaptation, and digitalization require multilateral action.
• Future Mandate: MC14 (2026, Cameroon) will advance reforms and address unresolved issues.

Conclusion

The 2025 report underscores the WTO’s role in navigating trade complexities—balancing globalization, sustainability, and inclusivity. Despite disruptions, reforms and new initiatives signal a commitment to a resilient multilateral system, though challenges remain in achieving consensus on critical issues.