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U.S. National Security Strategy Summary (NSDD 32, May 20, 1982)

Core Content

The U.S. National Security Strategy Directive (NSDD) 32, issued on May 20, 1982, outlines the comprehensive approach to U.S. national security during the 1980s. It emphasizes the need for a unified strategy that integrates diplomatic, informational, economic, political, and military components to counter the growing threat posed by the Soviet Union and its allies.

Main Objectives

The directive identifies several key global objectives for U.S. national security policy:

• Deterrence: Prevent military attacks by the USSR and its allies, and be prepared to defeat them if deterrence fails.
• Influence Expansion: Strengthen U.S. influence through alliances, improved relations, and coalitions that support U.S. interests.
• Containment of Soviet Expansion: Reverse the expansion of Soviet control and military presence, and increase the costs of Soviet proxy and subversive activities.
• Neutralization of Soviet Influence: Counter Soviet efforts to expand influence via diplomacy, arms transfers, economic pressure, and propaganda.
• Military Restraint: Discourage Soviet military spending and adventurism, and weaken its alliance system.
• Limiting Soviet Military Capabilities: Strengthen U.S. military, pursue arms control, and prevent the flow of military technologies to the USSR.
• Resource Access: Ensure U.S. access to foreign markets, energy, and mineral resources, as well as to space and the oceans.
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation: Discourage the spread of nuclear weapons.
• Economic Development Support: Promote economic development and humane social and political systems in the Third World.
• International Economic Stability: Encourage a well-functioning international economic system with fair trade and investment rules.

Regional Military Objectives

The strategy also outlines specific regional objectives:

• Europe: The security of Europe is vital to U.S. defense. NATO must be strengthened with improved conventional and nuclear capabilities.
• Southwest Asia: This region is closely linked to Europe and Japan. The U.S. aims to enhance deterrence by improving its global military deployment and sustainment capabilities.
• East Asia: Encourage Japan and South Korea to contribute more to their own and mutual defense efforts.

Nuclear Forces

• The modernization of U.S. strategic nuclear forces is a top priority to achieve parity with the Soviet Union.
• A credible and survivable strategic triad (land-based missiles, bombers, and submarine-launched missiles) is essential for deterrence.
• The U.S. will maintain a robust nuclear deterrent and ensure the capability to sustain protracted nuclear conflict.

General Purpose Forces

• These forces are critical for both peacetime deterrence and wartime operations.
• The U.S. must maintain a global military posture and improve its forward-deployed and rapidly deployable forces.
• During conflicts, the U.S. will prioritize defense in areas of most vital concern, followed by other operations.
• Reserve components are integral to military planning and will be mobilized as needed.

Security Assistance

• Security assistance is a key component of the strategy and supports U.S. security objectives abroad.
• The U.S. will prioritize legislative initiatives to secure funding for security assistance.
• Long-term planning includes increasing the security assistance budget, using multiyear commitments, and improving Foreign Military Sales (FMS) programs.

Force Integration

• Integration of all defense resources is essential to achieve national security objectives.
• The U.S. must invest in both nuclear and conventional capabilities to reduce risks and ensure effective deterrence.
• Mobilization and industrial capabilities must be expanded, and manpower policies must be regularly reviewed.

Reports and Implementation

• The Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff will report on the progress of implementing this directive.
• NSDD 32 supersedes several prior directives, including PD/NSC-18 and PD/NSC-62, and reaffirms the strategic nuclear modernization program outlined in NSDD-12.

Key Considerations

• The U.S. must rely increasingly on allies and regional partners to counter the Soviet threat.
• The U.S. should prepare for the possibility of military intervention in regional conflicts.
• The strategy acknowledges the risks of nuclear escalation and the need for a balanced and sustainable force development program.

This directive reflects a strategic shift in U.S. foreign and defense policy, emphasizing a comprehensive and integrated approach to maintaining national security in a rapidly evolving global landscape.