2009-12-31-世界卫生组织-2010_GATS_Country_report_Viet_Nam_162页_1mb

Summary of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Viet Nam 2010

Core Content

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Viet Nam 2010 is a comprehensive survey aimed at monitoring tobacco use and related control measures in Vietnam. Conducted between March 22 and May 13, 2010, it covered all 63 provinces and included 9,925 individuals, representing 64.3 million adults aged 15 years and older. The survey was designed to be nationally representative, using a two-phase stratified sampling approach, and focused on key tobacco-related indicators such as smoking prevalence, cessation behaviors, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, economic impact, and public awareness.

Main Objectives

• Establish a baseline for tobacco use and control indicators.
• Systematically monitor adult tobacco use and track key tobacco control indicators.
• Compare in-country data with regional and global data.
• Track the implementation of FCTC recommended policies through the MPOWER package.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• Smoking Prevalence: 47.4% of men and 1.4% of women smoked, with an overall prevalence of 23.8% (15.3 million adults).
• Daily Smoking: 81.8% of current smokers smoked daily.
• Cigarette Smoking: 83.7% of current smokers used cigarettes.
• Water Pipe Use: 26.9% of current smokers used water pipes.
• Smokeless Tobacco Use: Only 1.3% of adults used smokeless tobacco (0.3% of men and 2.3% of women).

Smoking Patterns

• Daily Cigarettes Smoked: 69.0% of daily smokers smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day; 29.3% smoked 20 or more.
• Age at Initiation: Average age of initiation was 19.8 years for men and 23.6 years for women.
• Time to First Smoke: 66.2% of daily smokers had their first cigarette within 30 minutes of waking up.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure

• Workplace Exposure: 55.9% of all workers (nearly 8 million) were exposed to SHS in indoor workplaces in the past 30 days.
• Home Exposure: 73.1% of adults aged 15+ were exposed to SHS at home.
• Public Places Exposure: Smoking was most frequently noticed in bars/cafes/tea shops (92.6%), followed by restaurants (84.9%). SHS was also observed in health facilities (23.6%) and schools (22.3%).

Cessation Efforts

• Quitting Rates: 29.3% of ever-smokers had quit.
• Future Quit Intentions: 67.5% of current smokers planned to quit in the future.
• Recent Quit Attempts: 55.3% of current smokers had attempted to quit in the past 12 months.
• Healthcare Provider Advice: Only 29.7% of smokers received advice from healthcare providers to quit.
• Cessation Methods: 24.4% used nicotine replacement therapy (patch, gum), 0.4% used prescription medications, and 3.0% sought counseling.

Economic Impact

• Cigarette Cost: The median cost for a pack of 20 manufactured cigarettes was VND 5,500 (~US$ 0.29).
• Annual Expenditure: The median yearly cigarette expenditure per smoker was VND 1,096,000 (~US$ 57).
• Tobacco Expenditure as % of GDP: 2.7% of GDP per capita was spent on 100 packs of manufactured cigarettes.
• Tax Support: 71.3% of adults supported increasing tobacco taxes.

Media and Awareness

• Anti-Tobacco Information: 91.6% of adults noticed anti-tobacco information in the past 30 days, with television being the most common source (85.9%).
• Health Warnings: 92.4% of current smokers noticed health warnings on cigarette packs.
• Cigarette Advertising: 16.9% of adults noticed cigarette advertisements, sponsorships, or promotions in public places or media in the past 30 days.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions

• Awareness of Health Risks: 95.7% of adults believed smoking caused serious diseases.
• Awareness of Specific Diseases: 95.6% knew smoking caused lung cancer, 70.3% knew it caused stroke, and 62.7% knew it caused heart attacks.
• Belief in SHS Harm: 87% of adults believed SHS could cause serious illness in non-smokers.
• Support for Smoke-Free Laws: 87% of adults supported smoke-free laws, but compliance was low.
• Support for Tax Increases: 71.3% supported increasing tobacco taxes.

Main Viewpoints

• Tobacco Use Prevalence: Smoking remains a significant public health issue, particularly among men.
• Need for Surveillance: A robust surveillance system is essential for tracking tobacco use and evaluating the effectiveness of tobacco control policies.
• Public Awareness: High awareness of the health risks of tobacco use and SHS exists, but this is not translating into effective policy compliance.
• Cessation Support: Access to cessation services is limited, and healthcare providers are not sufficiently engaged in smoking cessation counseling.
• Economic Factors: Low tobacco prices contribute to high consumption, and increasing taxes is seen as a viable strategy to reduce smoking rates.
• Media Role: Anti-tobacco campaigns are effective, but tobacco advertising persists in public spaces and through product branding.

Key Information

• Survey Design: Two-phase stratified sampling was used, with districts and urban/rural areas as strata.
• Response Rate: Overall response rate was 92.7%.
• Language: All interviews were conducted in Vietnamese.
• Data Collection Tools: Handheld computers were used for data capture.
• Partners: The survey was conducted with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Bloomberg Philanthropies, General Statistics Office of Vietnam, and Hanoi Medical University.
• Data Use: The survey results are used to evaluate the impact of Vietnam’s National Tobacco Control Policy and to inform future tobacco control strategies.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The GATS Viet Nam 2010 highlights the need for continued and improved tobacco control efforts in Vietnam. Key recommendations include:

• Monitor: Strengthen tobacco use monitoring systems, including GATS, to track progress and trends.
• Protect: Improve enforcement of smoke-free regulations and promote smoke-free home initiatives.
• Offer: Expand and improve cessation services through training healthcare workers and integrating them into primary care.
• Warn: Implement effective pictorial health warnings on all tobacco products.
• Enforce: Strictly enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship.
• Raise: Increase tobacco taxes to reduce consumption, especially among youth.

The survey underscores the importance of a multi-faceted approach to tobacco control, combining surveillance, policy enforcement, public awareness, and cessation support to reduce the health and economic burden of tobacco use in Vietnam.