2014-12-31-世界卫生组织-2015_GATS_Country_report_Viet_Nam_101页_2mb

Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), Vietnam 2015 Summary

1. Tobacco Use

   • Overall prevalence of current smoking: 22.5% (age-adjusted), highest among men (45.3%) and in urban areas (29% reduction from 2010, non-significant overall).
   • Daily cigarette smoking: Aged 15-44 (29.2% of adults) reported smoking; average cigarette per day: 13.7, highest among younger males (20-34 years).
   • Rural areas and lower education groups had higher smoking rates; traditional tobacco use (e.g., bamboo waterpipes) increased.
   • Electronic cigarettes: 18.6% of adults had heard of them, with higher awareness in urban areas; no significant trend over time.

2. Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Exposure

   • Workplaces: Declined significantly (42.6% in 2015, 27% reduction overall). Public transport and university settings showed the steepest declines.
   • SHS in homes: Reduced from 73.1% to 59.9%, but remains high. Hotels, restaurants, and cafes remain primary exposure sites, especially in hospitality sectors.
   • Enforcement compliance remains low, particularly in unregulated areas.

3. Cessation Attempts and Healthcare Engagement

   • Interest in quitting: Decreased by 28% among current smokers (5.2% planned to quit soon). Healthcare provider advice doubled (40.5%), but cessation aid (e.g., counseling) and use of nicotine replacement therapy remain low.
   • Quit attempt rate: 39.6% of smokers in the past year, unchanged from 2010 proportions.

4. Economics, Media, and Awareness

   • Cigarette cost: As percentage of GDP, decreased slightly to 2.5%. Excise taxes are low (41.6% of retail price).
   • Media exposure: Anti-smoking campaigns increased awareness (75.3%) but declined in visibility among under-35s; reduced effectiveness needed.
   • Knowledge: Near-universal awareness of smoking’s health risks, but poor understanding of stroke/heart attack correlations. SHS awareness decreased significantly.

Challenges and Recommendations:

• Maintain/expand smoke-free indoor policies; strengthen enforcement, especially in hospitality sectors.
• Increase tobacco taxes to make products less affordable and fund control efforts.
• Enhance cessation programs (hotlines, community services) and develop evidence-based cessation aids.
• Expand digital media campaigns to reach youth and rural populations.
• Continue rigorous monitoring via standardized tools like GATS to track interventions.