2013年-世界发展银行全球_Togo_Energy_Sector_Policy_Review___Review_of_the_Electricity_Sub-Sector_81页_2mb

Summary of Togo Energy Sector Policy Review

Core Content

This report, Report No: ACS499, provides a comprehensive review of Togo's electricity sub-sector, focusing on policy, institutional frameworks, financial performance, and future investment needs. It outlines key challenges and recommendations to improve the sector's efficiency, sustainability, and financial viability.

Main Objectives

The main objectives of the review are to:

• Provide a sound basis for decision-making for the World Bank and the Government of Togo;
• Assess key challenges in the electricity sub-sector;
• Offer information, analysis, and recommendations on:
  • The overall energy policy and strategy;
  • Institutional and regulatory frameworks;
  • Electricity demand and supply balance;
  • Tariff setting and adjustment;
  • Investment programs and financing;
  • Financial equilibrium and performance of the sub-sector.

Key Data

In 2011, Togo's electricity sub-sector had the following key data:

• Peak Demand: 135 MW
• Electricity Produced or Purchased by CEET: 849 GWh
  • Of which 770 GWh (91%) were purchased from CEB
  • Of which 67 GWh (8%) were from Contour Global IPP
• Number of Clients: 204,000
• Access Rate to Electricity Services:
  • Urban: 30%
  • Rural: 5%
• Total Losses (Technical and Commercial): 24%
• Collection Performance: 86%
• Unserved Energy: 70 GWh (12% of 2009 delivered energy)
• CEET Turnover: GFCFA95.5 / MUS$191
• CEET Electricity Sales: GFCFA80.1 / MUS$160.2
• Average Tariff: FCFA 117/kWh (US$23/MWH)
• CEET Net Operating Profit: GFCFA2.4 / MUS$4.8
• Government Transfers: GFCFA3.0 / MUS$6
• Cash Recovery Index (CRI): 65

Main Issues and Recommendations

Priority 1 Recommendations

1. Increasing Supply and Quality:

   • Togo needs to secure additional capacity (20-25 MW/year) due to rising demand and potential reduction in electricity imports.
   • Develop a long-term generation and transmission master plan with CEB and WAPP.
   • Monitor implementation closely.

2. Increasing Access to Electricity Services:

   • Two access programs should be developed:
     • One for urban and peri-urban areas to improve service quality and extend connections.
     • One for rural areas to expand access through innovative off-grid mechanisms.
   • Benefit from the experience of neighboring countries in institutional setup and financing.

3. Ensuring Financial Equilibrium and Controlling Costs:

   • Review and adjust electricity tariffs due to increasing costs.
   • Conduct a cost-of-service study and update financial modeling tools.
   • Develop a clear tariff policy and setting principles.

4. Mobilizing Private Sector Financing:

   • Enhance the PPP framework to speed up investor selection and provide sample contracts and tariff adjustment rules.
   • Include renewable energy and rural electrification in the PPP framework.

Priority 2 Recommendations

1. Completing the Energy Sector Policy and Strategy:

   • The new policy should address key areas such as tariffing, PPP framework, and rural electrification financing.

2. Updating the Regulatory Framework:

   • Modify exclusivity rights of CEB in the Benin-Togo transmission system.
   • Align with regional ECOWAS and WAEMU undertakings.
   • Establish guiding principles for setting transmission tariffs.

3. Increasing the Role of Renewable Energies:

   • Reassess medium-sized hydroelectric sites for feasibility and inclusion in the investment plan.
   • These sites can be developed quickly and on good financial terms.

4. Enhancing Autonomy of ARSE:

   • Increase ARSE's autonomy and capacity.
   • Strengthen its role in tariff policy oversight and monitoring of agreements with private sector operators.

Key Information

• Togo's electricity is primarily imported from Nigeria and Ghana, with CEB playing a central role in the transmission system.
• The country has a low access rate to electricity services, especially in rural areas.
• The energy mix in 2008 was dominated by biomass (71%), followed by refined petroleum products (26%) and electricity (3%).
• The energy policy and strategy document estimates a shift in the energy balance by 2020, with biomass at 40%, petroleum products at 15%, natural gas at 7.5%, LPG and biofuels at 10%, and electricity at 27.5%.
• The World Bank re-engaged with Togo in 2008 after clearing IDA arrears and has supported various projects to improve infrastructure and governance.
• Structural reforms in key sectors such as cotton, phosphate, and telecommunications have been initiated to promote economic recovery and growth.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for both short and long-term strategies to address the challenges facing Togo's electricity sub-sector. It highlights the importance of improving service quality, expanding access, ensuring financial sustainability, and strengthening the regulatory and institutional frameworks. The recommendations are structured into two priority levels, with Priority 1 focusing on immediate actions and Priority 2 on policy and strategic development.