SIA-半导体行业对美国劳动力的积极影响以及联邦行业激励措施将如何增加国内就业（英文）-2021.5-28页_1mb

Summary of CHIPPING IN: The Positive Impact of the Semiconductor Industry on the American Workforce

Core Content

The report "CHIPPING IN: The Positive Impact of the Semiconductor Industry on the American Workforce" highlights the significant economic and workforce contributions of the U.S. semiconductor industry, as well as the potential benefits of federal incentives to expand domestic semiconductor manufacturing. It emphasizes the industry's role in driving innovation, economic growth, and job creation across the U.S.

Main Points

The Semiconductor Industry's Economic Contribution

• The U.S. semiconductor industry directly contributes $246.4 billion to the U.S. GDP in 2020.
• This contribution includes direct, indirect (supply chain), and induced (consumer spending) effects.
• The direct impact is estimated at $55.8 billion, driven by the industry's operations, wages, and expenditures.
• Indirect impact is $98.6 billion, stemming from the suppliers that support semiconductor companies.
• Induced impact is $92.0 billion, resulting from consumer spending fueled by wages in the semiconductor industry and its supply chain.

Jobs Impact

• The semiconductor industry supported 1.85 million jobs in the U.S. in 2020.
• Manufacturing accounts for 21% of these jobs, while professional and business services make up 27%, and education and health services account for 11%.
• The jobs multiplier is 6.7, meaning each direct semiconductor job supports 5.7 additional jobs in other industries.
• This multiplier ranks in the 85th percentile compared to other industries, underscoring the industry's high economic leverage.

Federal Incentives and Job Creation

• A $50 billion federal investment program to incentivize domestic semiconductor manufacturing could add $24.6 billion annually to the U.S. economy from 2021 to 2026.
• This program would create an average of 185,000 temporary jobs annually, leading to a cumulative impact of 1.1 million jobs over the six-year period.
• The long-term impact of such incentives could result in an additional 280,000 new jobs in 2027, of which 42,000 would be directly employed in the semiconductor industry.
• The total jobs impact of the industry would rise to 2.13 million by 2027.

Workforce Characteristics

• The U.S. semiconductor industry directly employs 277,000 workers in 2020.
• The workforce is geographically spread across 49 states and Washington, D.C., with the largest concentrations in California, Texas, and Oregon.
• Location quotients (LQ) show that while some states have high employment numbers, others like Idaho, Arizona, and New Mexico have higher LQs, indicating a greater reliance on the semiconductor industry.
• The average annual wage for semiconductor workers is $170,000, significantly higher than the U.S. average.
• The occupation profile includes a wide range of roles, with production occupations making up 38.6% of the workforce and engineering occupations accounting for 23.9%.
• The workforce is diverse, with a greater share of non-white workers compared to the broader manufacturing industry and other sectors.

Workforce Demographics

• Age distribution shows that 35-49 years old is the most common age group for semiconductor workers, with only 24% under 35.
• Educational attainment is higher in the semiconductor industry than in other sectors, with a significant portion of workers holding college degrees.
• Despite this, 20% of workers have not attended university, indicating that the industry provides opportunities for a range of educational backgrounds.
• The wage premium for semiconductor workers is substantial, with higher wages at all education levels compared to the average in other industries.

Key Information

• The Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) represents 98% of the U.S. semiconductor industry by revenue and nearly two-thirds of non-U.S. chip firms.
• The CHIPS Act is a key piece of legislation that aims to expand semiconductor R&D, design, and manufacturing in the U.S., though it has not yet been fully funded.
• The report uses Oxford Economics' economic impact analysis and IMPLAN to model the effects of federal incentives.
• The case studies highlight the community and diversity initiatives undertaken by semiconductor firms, including STEM education programs and workforce development efforts.

Conclusion

The U.S. semiconductor industry is a critical driver of economic growth, job creation, and innovation. It supports 1.85 million jobs in 2020 and has a high jobs multiplier effect. Federal incentives to expand domestic manufacturing could lead to substantial economic and employment benefits, with $147.7 billion in GDP and 1.1 million jobs over a six-year period. The industry's workforce is highly skilled, well-paid, and diverse, and it plays a vital role in supporting other sectors and fostering national competitiveness.