世界银行-巴西-关于重新评估和更新巴西金融消费者保护制度的范围说明（英）_27页_1mb

报告摘要

Brazil has advanced significantly in financial inclusion, particularly with the PIX payment system.
Despite this, financial consumers face rising risks like fraud, scams, over-indebtedness, and mis-sold insurance products.
Vulnerable groups, especially women and young consumers, are disproportionately affected by these risks.
Over-indebtedness remains critical, with record-high default rates and government initiatives failing to contain the issue.

Brazil's economy is the largest in Latin America, characterized by a highly centralized banking sector and rapid fintech growth.
Credit market challenges include high costs, insufficient competition, and an overburdened legal system.
Payroll loans (federal government payroll system) and credit cards are major sources of consumer defaults.

Brazil lacks a dedicated Financial Consumer Protection (FCP) law, relying on the 1990 Consumer Protection Code (CDC).
The FCP framework is fragmented, with supervisors coordinating matters bilaterally rather than through a central authority.
Key shortcomings include:
- No clear legal definition of a "financial consumer."
- Insufficient and inconsistent FCP provisions across different sectors (banking, insurance, capital markets).
- Weak coordination mechanisms among authorities, limiting effective risk and issue management.

Conduct a comprehensive reassessment with three core elements: legal/regulatory framework, supervision, and dispute resolution.
Set clear objectives and scope upfront, organized by specific sections.
Consult broadly across stakeholders, including financial authorities, consumer representatives, and industry groups.
Propose a phased approach to reforms to ensure manageable and effective implementation.

Societies interested in FCP generally need to conduct an initial review and develop necessary actions.
Work must include effectively determining the starting point and timeframe for a thorough review.