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Summary of Hydrogen in Decarbonization Strategies in Asia and the Pacific

Core Content

This book explores the role of hydrogen in decarbonization strategies across Asia and the Pacific, focusing on its potential to reduce emissions in hard-to-abate sectors such as industry and transportation. It emphasizes the development of low-carbon hydrogen, particularly green hydrogen, as a key solution for achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable energy systems. The book is structured into two parts: Sectoral Focus and Regional Focus, with chapters analyzing hydrogen's application in different sectors and regions.

Main Viewpoints

• Hydrogen as a Decarbonization Tool: Green hydrogen, produced from renewable energy via water electrolysis, is highlighted as a clean and scalable energy carrier with significant potential to reduce carbon emissions.
• Challenges in Development: The cost of green hydrogen remains a major barrier, especially for developing countries. Policy support, technological innovation, and international collaboration are essential to overcome these challenges.
• Policy and Strategy Recommendations: The book provides detailed policy recommendations for governments and institutions to support the transition to a hydrogen-based economy, including the establishment of supportive regulatory frameworks, investment in infrastructure, and the integration of hydrogen into national and regional climate strategies.
• Regional Analysis: Specific chapters analyze the hydrogen potential in key countries such as India, Japan, and Kazakhstan, discussing their unique challenges, opportunities, and strategies for hydrogen adoption.

Key Information

Part I: Sectoral Focus

• Chapter 1: Examines the role of blue and green hydrogen in industrial decarbonization, particularly in sectors like crude oil refining, chemical production, and iron and steel manufacturing. The Asia-Pacific region accounts for 50% of global industrial hydrogen demand. The chapter highlights the importance of national strategies and cross-border hydrogen trading.
• Chapter 2: Reviews the historical and current status of hydrogen in the transportation sector, focusing on challenges like cost and infrastructure. It recommends the development of hydrogen refueling stations, tax incentives, and the integration of hydrogen into heavy vehicle applications.
• Chapter 3: Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of green hydrogen in the global transition to carbon neutrality. It outlines key development pathways, emphasizing the need for institutional and policy support, market mechanisms, and the expansion of green hydrogen utilization in hard-to-abate sectors.

Part II: Regional Focus

• Chapter 4: Analyzes India's potential for green hydrogen production and utilization. The Indian government aims to meet 10% of global green hydrogen demand by 2030, producing 5 million tons. It stresses the importance of robust supply chain infrastructure and international cooperation.
• Chapter 5: Discusses Japan's transition to a hydrogen society using the GTAP-E-Power model. It highlights the economic and environmental benefits of hydrogen adoption, including reduced emissions and improved welfare, and recommends the development of hydrogen infrastructure and policy dialogues.
• Chapter 6: Explores Japan's role in supporting a sustainable hydrogen society in Asia. It emphasizes the need for strategic clarity in national policies, stronger connections between hydrogen and climate strategies, and enhanced regional collaboration in R&D and capacity building.
• Chapter 7: Focuses on Kazakhstan's hydrogen economy, highlighting the importance of hydrogen and CCUS in decarbonization. The chapter outlines the need for local demand stimulation and the development of technical standards and investment policies.
• Chapter 8: Reviews the international green hydrogen market and its significance for South and Southeast Asia. It proposes an action checklist for these countries to enter the market and discusses policy and legal barriers, including the lack of national R&D support and international legal frameworks.

Tables, Figures, and Boxes

• Tables: Include summaries of chapters, hydrogen color codes, production technologies, policies, and economic indicators.
• Figures: Present data on hydrogen demand, production costs, and the evolution of hydrogen-related keywords in literature.
• Boxes: Offer insights into hydrogen strategies in Asia and the potential of green hydrogen in Central Asia.

Contributors and Acknowledgments

• The book is edited by Dina Azhgaliyeva, KE Seetha Ram, and Haoran Zhang.
• It is the result of three workshops held in 2022, with contributions from researchers, economists, and policy experts from various institutions, including ADBI, IGES, and KMG Engineering.

Conclusion

The book provides a comprehensive and evidence-based analysis of hydrogen's role in decarbonization strategies in Asia and the Pacific. It outlines the challenges and opportunities for green hydrogen development and offers actionable policy recommendations to support its integration into energy systems and promote sustainable growth.