2010年-世界发展银行全球_Disaster_Preparedness_for_Cultural_Heritage_6页_653kb

EAP DRM KnowledgeNotes Summary

Core Content

This working paper provides an overview of disaster preparedness for cultural heritage, emphasizing the integration of cultural assets into disaster management plans and the use of preventive approaches to safeguard heritage from natural disasters. It highlights international experiences and lessons learned, particularly from Istanbul, Turkey, and Georgia, and offers recommendations for effective risk planning, response, and recovery.

Main Principles of Disaster Preparedness for Cultural Heritage

• Integration into disaster management plans: Cultural heritage should be included in existing disaster management frameworks to ensure its protection.
• Preventive approaches: Focus on improving or maintaining the condition of heritage assets to ensure their survival during and after disasters.
• Risk management framework: A structured approach involving risk identification, assessment, mitigation strategy development, and cost-benefit evaluation.

International Experience and Lessons Learned

Istanbul, Turkey

• Earthquake Risk: Istanbul faces a 62% chance of a major earthquake within the next 30 years, with potential economic losses up to USD 20-60 billion.
• Master Plan: The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality developed a comprehensive earthquake master plan that integrated natural and historic asset protection.
• Community Involvement: Training programs for local staff and community-based disaster mitigation were implemented.
• Action Plan: Includes inventory development, feasibility studies, and long-term planning for heritage protection.
• Case Example: Museums in Istanbul adopted measures like plastic sheeting over display cases, improved lighting, and evacuation plans.

Georgia

• Cultural Heritage Project: A World Bank-funded initiative aimed to rehabilitate historic sites and promote tourism.
• Emergency Rehabilitation Program: Provided USD 1 million to community groups and NGOs for preventive conservation.
• Tbilisi Revitalization: Historic buildings in the old town were conserved, contributing to economic development and community return.
• Media Coverage: Increased public awareness of cultural heritage preservation through media attention.

Key Lessons

• Advanced planning is essential for effective protection of cultural heritage.
• Integrated approach: Planning should consider the entire property, including buildings, contents, and landscapes.
• Disaster response strategy: Heritage considerations must be included in overall disaster prevention strategies.
• Minimize impact on heritage values: Use non-invasive methods like waterproof coatings instead of dehumidifiers.
• Documentation: Record the property's attributes and disaster response history for informed planning.
• Maintenance programs: Should incorporate a cultural heritage-at-risk perspective.
• Community involvement: Property occupants and users should be engaged in emergency response planning.
• Security: Heritage should be prioritized during emergencies.
• Conservation integration: Specialists should be involved in all phases of risk management, including recovery.
• Air drying is preferred over heat drying for waterlogged collections.

Recommendations

• National Inventory: Develop and maintain a national inventory of cultural heritage using GIS for spatial data and accessibility.
• Mitigation Procedures: Implement measures like seismic-adapted display cases and avoiding basement storage for vulnerable collections.
• Building Standards: Ensure buildings are maintained to current code standards, especially those housing important collections or of heritage value.
• Training and Involvement: Include heritage staff in disaster planning exercises and train them in emergency management.
• Economic Recovery: Recognize the catalytic role of heritage in economic recovery, especially through tourism.
• Reconstruction Consideration: Ensure that reconstruction efforts respect the cultural and historical significance of the area, supporting local communities reliant on tourism.

Conclusion

Disaster preparedness for cultural heritage requires a proactive, integrated, and community-focused approach. By learning from international examples and applying best practices, countries can better protect their cultural assets, ensuring their survival and continued contribution to society and the economy.