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Middle East and North Africa Little Data Book 2012 Summary

Core Content Overview

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Little Data Book 2012 provides a comprehensive overview of key economic and social indicators for the MENA region and its sub-regions, including oil exporters, oil importers, and other comparator regions such as East Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The data cover the years 2009 to 2011, with some notes indicating that data might be incomplete or unavailable for certain countries.

Main Regions and Country Groupings

• MENA Region: Includes 17 countries.
• Oil Exporters: Comprises both Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Developing Oil Exporters.
  • GCC Countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: Algeria, Iraq, Iran, Libya, Syria, and Yemen.
• Oil Importers: Includes Oil importers with GCC links and Oil importers with EU links.
  • Oil importers with GCC links: Djibouti, Jordan, and Lebanon.
  • Oil importers with EU links: Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia.

Key Indicators and Findings

1. Demographics

• Population:

  • MENA: Increased from 363 million in 2009 to 377 million in 2011.
  • Oil Exporters: 231 million in 2009, rising to 241 million in 2011.
  • GCC: Grew from 42 million to 45 million.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From 189 million to 196 million.
  • Oil Importers: From 133 million to 137 million.

• Population Growth Rate:

  • MENA: Declined from 2.1% in 2009 to 1.8% in 2011.
  • Oil Exporters: From 2.4% to 2.0%.
  • GCC: Declined significantly from 4.6% to 3.0%.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From 1.9% to 1.8%.
  • Oil Importers: From 1.5% to 1.5%.

2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

• Total GDP:

  • MENA: Rose from $1,978 billion in 2009 to $2,691 billion in 2011.
  • Oil Exporters: Increased from $1,594 billion to $2,243 billion.
  • GCC: Grew from $918 billion to $1,383 billion.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From $676 billion to $860 billion.
  • Oil Importers: From $384 billion to $448 billion.

• GDP per Capita:

  • MENA: Increased from $5,444 to $7,132.
  • Oil Exporters: From $6,910 to $9,327.
  • GCC: From $21,929 to $31,019.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From $3,579 to $4,389.
  • Oil Importers: From $2,896 to $3,273.

3. Real GDP and GDP per Capita Growth

• Real GDP Growth:

  • MENA: Increased from 1.8% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2010, then slightly declined to 3.1% in 2011.
  • Oil Exporters: From 0.8% to 4.3% in 2010, then 3.4% in 2011.
  • GCC: Negative growth in 2009 (-0.3%), then increased to 6.5% in 2011.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From 2.6% to 3.3% in 2010, then -2.1% in 2011.
  • Oil Importers: From 4.9% to 2.2%.

• Real GDP per Capita Growth:

  • MENA: From -0.3% to 2.5% in 2010, then 1.3% in 2011.
  • Oil Exporters: From -1.6% to 1.4%.
  • GCC: From -4.9% to 3.4%.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From 0.7% to -3.9%.
  • Oil Importers: From 3.4% to 0.7%.

4. Inflation Rates

• CPI Inflation:
  • MENA: Increased from 3.4% to 4.2%.
  • Oil Exporters: From 4.5% to 4.4%.
  • GCC: From 3.4% to 3.3%.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From 5.6% to 5.5%.
  • Oil Importers: From 2.4% to 4.0%.
  • Notable High Inflation:
    • Egypt: From 16.5% to 10.1%.
    • Iran: From 10.8% to 20.6%.
    • Yemen: From 5.4% to 16.4%.

5. Investment and Saving

• Gross Fixed Capital Formation (as % of GDP):

  • MENA: Declined from 23.3% to 19.0%.
  • Oil Exporters: From 23.2% to 17.1%.
  • GCC: From 21.4% to 17.2%.
  • Qatar: From 39.3% to 12.9% (notable decline).
  • Saudi Arabia: From 24.5% to 21.0%.
  • UAE: From 13.5% to 11.6%.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: From 30.4% to 16.3%.
  • Algeria: From 38.3% to 18.9%.
  • Syria: From 17.9% to 18.8%.
  • Yemen: From 13.5% to 11.6%.

• Gross Domestic Savings (as % of GDP):

  • MENA: From 25.7% to 26.4%.
  • Oil Exporters: From 30.1% to 31.1%.
  • GCC: From 27.2% to 28.8%.
  • Lebanon: From 33.0% to 31.7%.
  • Oil Importers: From 14.7% to 15.5%.
  • Egypt: From 12.6% to 14.1%.
  • Morocco: From 24.7% to 25.2%.
  • Tunisia: From 21.9% to 21.0%.

6. Unemployment Rates

• Unemployment Rate (as % of total labor force):

  • MENA: 10.0%.
  • Oil Exporters: 9.7%.
  • GCC: 4.6%.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: 11.2%.
  • Oil Importers: 10.5%.

• Youth Unemployment (as % of total labor force aged 15–24):

  • MENA: 23.3%.
  • Oil Exporters: 22.4%.
  • GCC: 21.1%.
  • Developing Oil Exporters: 22.9%.
  • Oil Importers: 24.5%.

7. Other Key Regions

• League of Arab States:

  • Population: Grew from 337 million to 351 million.
  • GDP: Increased from $1,706 billion to $2,268 billion.
  • GDP per Capita: From $5,069 to $6,470.
  • Real GDP Growth: From 2.8% to 1.3%.
  • Real GDP per Capita Growth: From 0.8% to -0.7%.

• East Asia and the Pacific:

  • GDP: From $6,366 billion to $9,283 billion.
  • GDP per Capita: From $3,268 to $4,702.
  • Real GDP Growth: From 7.5% to 8.1%.
  • Real GDP per Capita Growth: From 6.8% to 7.5%.

• Europe and Central Asia:

  • GDP: From $2,610 billion to $3,616 billion.
  • GDP per Capita: From $6,465 to $8,872.
  • Real GDP Growth: From -6.0% to 5.7%.
  • Real GDP per Capita Growth: From -6.5% to 5.3%.

• Latin America and the Caribbean:

  • GDP: From $4,057 billion to $5,650 billion.
  • GDP per Capita: From $7,043 to $9,593.
  • Real GDP Growth: From -1.6% to 4.7%.
  • Real GDP per Capita Growth: From -2.8% to 3.6%.

• South Asia:

  • GDP: From $1,685 billion to $2,272 billion.
  • GDP per Capita: From $1,047 to $1,371.
  • Real GDP Growth: From 7.4% to 6.4%.
  • Real GDP per Capita Growth: From 6.0% to 5.0%.

• Sub-Saharan Africa:

  • GDP: From $941 billion to $1,245 billion.
  • GDP per Capita: From $1,131 to $1,423.
  • Real GDP Growth: From -0.4% to 1.6%.
  • Real GDP per Capita Growth: From -0.4% to 1.6%.

Key Observations

• Growth Trends: The MENA region experienced mixed growth, with some countries (e.g., Qatar, Saudi Arabia) showing significant increases, while others (e.g., Libya, Syria) faced sharp declines, especially in 2011.
• Inflation: High inflation rates were observed in several countries, notably Egypt, Iran, and Yemen, which could be attributed to economic instability and currency devaluation.
• Unemployment: Unemployment rates were generally high in the region, particularly among youth, indicating structural challenges in the labor market.
• Investment and Saving: The region had relatively high investment and saving rates, especially in the GCC, which may suggest economic resilience and resource availability.
• Regional Comparisons: MENA's economic indicators were generally lower than those of East Asia and the Pacific and Latin America, but higher than those of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Conclusion

The MENA region in 2012 was marked by economic diversity, with oil-exporting countries experiencing more stable growth and higher GDP per capita compared to oil-importing nations. However, challenges such as high youth unemployment and inflation in some countries highlighted the need for structural reforms and sustainable economic policies. The data emphasize the importance of regional comparisons and the role of oil in shaping economic outcomes.