2017年-世界发展银行全球_Region_Profile_of_Sub-Saharan_Africa_105页_1mb

Summary of Doing Business 2018: Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates the regulatory environment for businesses across 190 economies and selected cities. It focuses on the ease of doing business, using standardized indicators to measure the procedures, time, and cost involved in various business-related activities.

Key Indicators and Topics

The report covers the following 10 key topics:

1. Starting a business
2. Dealing with construction permits
3. Getting electricity
4. Registering property
5. Getting credit
6. Protecting minority investors
7. Paying taxes
8. Trading across borders
9. Enforcing contracts
10. Resolving insolvency

Each topic includes several sub-indicators that assess the regulatory environment and its impact on business operations.

Main Views and Insights

• Objective measurement: The project provides objective data on business regulations and their enforcement, encouraging economies to improve their regulatory frameworks.
• Standardized case studies: Data is collected using a standardized business model to ensure comparability across economies.
• Comprehensive analysis: It includes both national and subnational (city-level) data, allowing for detailed comparisons within and across regions.
• Focus on efficiency and transparency: The report emphasizes the importance of reducing the number of procedures, time, and cost involved in business operations to enhance the ease of doing business.
• Rankings and benchmarks: Economies are ranked based on their distance to the frontier (DTF), which reflects the best performance observed across all economies since 2005. Rankings are based on a 10-topic assessment with equal weighting.

Key Information

• Data collection: The most recent data collection was completed in June 2017, with a standardized business model used for consistency.
• Assumptions for data collection:
  • The business is a limited liability company with 5 domestic owners.
  • It operates in the largest business city of the economy, or the second largest for 11 large economies (e.g., India, China, etc.).
  • The business has a startup capital of 10 times income per capita and employs 10–50 domestic nationals.
  • The business engages in general industrial or commercial activities and does not involve foreign trade or special tax regimes.
• Procedure, time, and cost metrics:
  • Procedures: Counted as the number of steps required to complete a task.
  • Time: Measured in calendar days, excluding time spent gathering information.
  • Cost: Expressed as a percentage of income per capita, including only official costs and excluding bribes or professional fees.
• Special indicators:
  • Distance to frontier (DTF): A score from 0 to 100, where 0 is the lowest performance and 100 is the best.
  • Building quality control index (0–15): Assesses the quality of building regulations, safety mechanisms, and professional certifications.
  • Reliability of supply and transparency of tariffs index (0–8): Evaluates the reliability of electricity supply and the transparency of electricity tariffs.
  • Quality of land administration index (0–30): Measures the reliability of infrastructure, transparency of information, geographic coverage, land dispute resolution, and equal access to property rights.

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Overview

• Ease of doing business: SSA economies generally rank lower compared to other regions, indicating challenges in business regulation.
• Starting a business: The number of procedures, time, and cost vary across the region, with a focus on the legal and administrative requirements.
• Construction permits: The process involves multiple steps, including obtaining licenses, submitting notifications, and receiving inspections.
• Electricity access: The process is time-consuming and costly, with limited reliability and transparency in some economies.
• Property registration: The number of procedures and time to transfer property can be high, with varying quality of land administration systems.
• Credit availability: The strength of collateral laws and credit information systems is critical in determining the ease of obtaining credit.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report provides a comprehensive assessment of business regulation and its impact on economic performance in Sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights the need for reform in areas such as starting a business, construction permits, electricity access, and property registration to improve the business climate and create jobs. The data is standardized and allows for benchmarking against other economies and regions, offering valuable insights for policymakers and business stakeholders.