2017年-世界发展银行全球_Region_Profile_of_Southern_African_Development_Community_76页_1mb

Doing Business 2018 Summary: Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report, published by the World Bank Group, evaluates business regulations across 190 economies and selected cities. It provides quantitative indicators that measure the ease of doing business, focusing on 10 key areas:

1. Starting a business
2. Dealing with construction permits
3. Getting electricity
4. Registering property
5. Getting credit
6. Protecting minority investors
7. Paying taxes
8. Trading across borders
9. Enforcing contracts
10. Resolving insolvency

The report uses a standardized case study approach to ensure data comparability across economies. It highlights the distance to frontier (DTF) score, which reflects how close an economy is to the best performance observed on each indicator. A DTF score of 0 indicates the lowest performance, while a score of 100 represents the frontier (best performance). All rankings are benchmarked to June 2017.

Key Topics and Indicators

1. Starting a Business

• Measures: Number of procedures, time, cost, and paid-in minimum capital required to start a limited liability company.
• Assumptions:
  • Company is 100% domestically owned.
  • Five owners (no legal entities).
  • Startup capital is 10 times income per capita.
  • Company operates in the largest business city.
  • Company has 10–50 domestic employees.
  • Company deed is 10 pages long.
• Key data:
  • Procedures vary by country.
  • Time and cost are measured in calendar days and as a percentage of income per capita.

2. Dealing with Construction Permits

• Measures: Procedures, time, and cost to build a warehouse, along with the building quality control index (0–15).
• Assumptions:
  • Warehouse is used for general storage.
  • Located in the largest business city.
  • Two stories, 1,300.6 square meters in total.
  • Land is 100% owned by the company.
  • Warehouse is valued at 50 times income per capita.
  • Construction takes 30 weeks.
• Key data:
  • Procedures include document submission, notifications, inspections, and utility connections.
  • Time and cost are measured in calendar days and as a percentage of warehouse value.
  • Quality control index evaluates regulations, safety mechanisms, and professional certifications.

3. Getting Electricity

• Measures: Procedures, time, and cost to connect a warehouse to the electrical grid, along with the reliability of supply and transparency of tariff index (0–8).
• Assumptions:
  • Permanent electricity connection with a three-phase, four-wire Y connection.
  • Subscribed capacity of 140 kVA.
  • Warehouse is located in a periurban area with no physical constraints.
  • Monthly energy consumption is 26,880 kWh.
• Key data:
  • Time and cost are measured in calendar days and as a percentage of income per capita.
  • Reliability index includes outage frequency, monitoring tools, and tariff transparency.

4. Registering Property

• Measures: Number of procedures, time, and cost to transfer a property, along with the quality of land administration index (0–30).
• Assumptions:
  • Property is fully owned and registered.
  • Located in a periurban commercial zone.
  • No rezoning required.
  • Property consists of land and a building.
  • Value is 50 times income per capita.
• Key data:
  • Procedures include preregistration, registration, and postregistration.
  • Time and cost are measured in calendar days and as a percentage of property value.
  • Land administration index includes infrastructure reliability, transparency, coverage, dispute resolution, and equal access.

Main Views and Insights

• The Doing Business project aims to encourage regulatory reforms by providing measurable benchmarks and transparent data.
• It enables economies to compete towards more efficient regulations and helps policy makers understand their position in the global business climate.
• Regional comparisons are crucial for identifying performance gaps and opportunities for improvement.
• The project uses standardized assumptions to ensure consistency and comparability of data across economies.
• Subnational reports offer detailed insights into business regulation within different cities and regions, allowing for localized reforms.

Key Information

• Total indicators: 11 sets.
• Data collection: Completed in June 2017.
• Standardized business model: A 100% domestically owned limited liability company with five owners, 10–50 employees, and a warehouse of 1,300.6 square meters.
• DTF score: Measures how close an economy is to the best performance observed on each indicator.
• Regional focus: SADC economies are compared against each other and against global averages.
• Data sources: World Bank Group and its partners.
• Additional features:
  • Subnational reports for cities and regions.
  • No rankings for labor market regulation, but data is available.
  • No inclusion of labor market indicators in the overall DTF score or ranking.

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report provides comprehensive data on the regulatory environment for businesses in SADC and globally. It emphasizes the importance of reform, transparency, and efficiency in business regulations. By measuring procedures, time, cost, and quality, the report offers valuable insights for policy makers, researchers, and entrepreneurs to improve the business climate and promote economic growth.