【亚太经社会ESCAP】2024亚洲公路网低碳韧性基础设施最佳实践报告_142页_8mb

Summary of Best Practices for Low Carbon and Resilient Infrastructure along the Asian Highway Network

Core Content

This document provides an inventory of best practices for developing low carbon and resilient road infrastructure along the Asian Highway Network (AHN), a regional intergovernmental network of roads covering 32 countries in Asia and the Pacific. It outlines the current state of road infrastructure, highlights policy initiatives and technical standards in key member states, and presents case studies from both ESCAP member and non-member states to showcase successful approaches to sustainable and climate-resilient transportation.

Main Viewpoints

• Road transport is the primary mode of passenger and freight movement in the region, playing a crucial role in economic activities and human exchanges.
• The Asian Highway Network has been largely constructed, but many roads still fall below quality standards, especially in terms of resilience to natural disasters.
• Improving infrastructure quality is essential for enhancing the sustainability, resilience, and accessibility of the road transport sector.
• Digitalization and green technologies are key trends in modernizing the AHN, including smart highways, green materials, and energy-efficient construction practices.
• Regional cooperation is vital to address the diverse challenges across member states and ensure effective and efficient implementation of low carbon and resilient infrastructure projects.

Key Information

2.1 China

• Overview: China has a vast road network, with 5 million km of national highways, including 161,000 km of expressways.
• Standardization System: China has a multi-level standardization system, including policy, national, ministerial, local, enterprise, and association standards.
• Technical Standards:
  • Ministerial Standards (e.g., JTG F40, JTG D50) set mandatory rules for construction and design.
  • National Standards (e.g., GB 50092-1996, GB/T 30598-2014) focus on materials, construction techniques, and terminology.
  • Local Standards (e.g., DB34/T 4098, DB37/T 5187-2021) are region-specific and tailored to local conditions.
  • Enterprise and Association Standards (e.g., Q/TSBS 001-2022, T/CECS G:C10-01-2020) support innovation and green material utilization.
• Projects and Policies:
  • Smart highway pilot projects in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong incorporate digitalization, recycled materials, and energy-saving technologies.
  • The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge uses environmentally friendly construction methods to protect marine ecosystems.

2.2 India

• Overview: India has a significant portion of its AHN roads classified as lower quality (Class-II and below).
• Standardization: Governed by the Indian Road Congress (IRC) and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH).
• Policy Initiatives:
  • PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana) focuses on rural road connectivity and resilience.
  • MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) supports community-based infrastructure development.
  • CDRI (Coalition for Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure) promotes climate-resilient design and construction practices.

2.3 Kazakhstan

• Overview: Emphasizes road infrastructure resilience in response to extreme weather conditions.
• Standardization: Follows KazDorNII (Kazakhstani Road Research Institute) and GOST (national standards) for road construction.
• Policy Initiatives: Focus on sustainable development and improving the quality of existing infrastructure.

2.4 Republic of Korea

• Overview: Implements GreenRoads Certification to ensure low carbon and resilient road construction.
• Standardization: Uses Korea Expressway Corporation standards and TR TS 014/2011 for road design and construction.
• Policy Initiatives: Encourages the use of environmentally friendly materials and sustainable practices.

2.5 Philippines

• Overview: Focuses on disaster-resilient infrastructure due to frequent typhoons and flooding.
• Standardization: Follows DGCS (Design Guidelines, Criteria and Standards).
• Policy Initiatives: Promotes resilient road design and construction methods to mitigate climate risks.

2.6 The Russian Federation

• Overview: Implements LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) and MEPDG (Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide) for road construction.
• Standardization: Uses GOST and TR TS standards.
• Policy Initiatives: Emphasizes infrastructure resilience in extreme weather conditions.

2.7 Uzbekistan

• Overview: Develops low carbon and resilient road infrastructure to support economic growth.
• Standardization: Follows IRC and MoRTH guidelines.
• Policy Initiatives: Prioritizes sustainable and resilient road development in response to climate change.

Case Studies

3.1 Cambodia

• Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP): A framework for adaptive road resilience planning.
• Case Example: National Road 2 was damaged by landslides and flooding, prompting the development of adaptive pathways.

3.2 Georgia

• Low Carbon and Sustainable Transport: Focuses on socially inclusive and environmentally friendly infrastructure.

3.3 India (Rural Resilience)

• Resilience through Rural Infrastructure: Emphasizes community involvement and sustainable development.

3.4 Pacific Islands

• Kiribati and Tuvalu: Use geocell concrete pavements for climate and disaster resilience.
• Samoa: Implements slope stabilization and coastal protection measures.
• Viet Nam: Empowers women in rural road maintenance and uses local materials for drainage systems.

3.5 Republic of Korea

• Green Infrastructure Framework: Promotes low carbon and resilient road development.

3.6 The Russian Federation

• Resilient Highway Projects: Focus on materials and design to withstand extreme weather.

3.7 Sri Lanka

• Geosynthetic Reinforced Soils: Used for rapid and low-cost bridge construction.

3.8 Türkiye

• Green and Resilient Road Network: Includes bicycle lanes and sustainable practices.

3.9 United States of America

• Smart Tolling and Green Technologies: Highlights Hi-pass system and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

4.1 Costa Rica

• Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Focuses on managing infrastructure under climate change.

4.2 European Union

• Cost-Effective and Durable Maintenance: Emphasizes efficient road maintenance practices.

4.3 Mozambique

• Resilience Based on Economic and Flood Risk: Prioritizes road interventions that align with development and climate risks.

4.4 Nicaragua

• Low Carbon and Inclusive Road Program: Focuses on cost-effective and environmentally friendly road development.

4.5 Portugal

• Low Carbon Infrastructure Framework: Develops a sustainable approach to road infrastructure.

Conclusion

• The diversity of challenges and local conditions across AHN member states necessitates region-specific solutions.
• Regional cooperation is crucial to ensure effective planning and implementation of low carbon and resilient infrastructure.
• Best practices include the use of green materials, smart technologies, adaptive policies, and community-based approaches.
• Technical guidelines and policy frameworks should be developed and shared to enhance sustainability and resilience across the region.

Recommendations

• Develop common technical standards for low carbon and resilient road infrastructure.
• Encourage policy harmonization across member states to support regional integration.
• Promote capacity building and technical assistance to enhance implementation of green and resilient practices.
• Share best practices and innovative technologies to improve the sustainability of the AHN.