亚太经社会ESCAP2024亚洲公路网低碳韧性基础设施最佳实践报告英文版142页_8mb

Summary of Best Practices for Low Carbon and Resilient Infrastructure along the Asian Highway Network

Core Content

This document provides an inventory of best practices and case studies for developing low carbon and resilient road infrastructure along the Asian Highway Network. It is prepared by the Transport Division of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) under the project "Supporting the policies on green and resilient transport infrastructure along the Asian Highway Network." The report highlights the importance of improving the quality and sustainability of road infrastructure in the region, particularly in the context of climate change and increasing natural hazard risks.

The report emphasizes that the Asian Highway Network, which spans 32 countries, has been largely constructed, but many roads still fall below quality standards, particularly Class-II and Class-III roads, which constitute 60% of the network. This has led to inefficiencies in transport and increased vulnerability to natural disasters. The goal of the report is to offer a comprehensive understanding of current standards, policy initiatives, and case studies to guide the development of more sustainable and resilient infrastructure.

Main Countries and Their Practices

China

• Overview: China has a vast highway network, with 5 million km of national highways and 161,000 km of expressways in 2019. It is focusing on digitalization and green infrastructure.
• Standardization System: Includes six levels: policy, national standards, ministerial standards, local standards, enterprise standards, and association standards.
• Road Standards: Ministerial standards like JTG F40 and JTG D50 are crucial for pavement design and construction. Emphasis is placed on pavement strength parameters such as CBR and deflection values.
• Policy Initiatives: Piloted smart highways in nine provinces, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shandong. Technologies like hot in-place recycling and EPS lightweight mixed soil are used to reduce emissions and improve resilience.

India

• Overview: The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) is involved in setting standards and implementing policies for low carbon and resilient roads.
• Standardization: Includes national and local standards, with a focus on rural infrastructure and environmental considerations.
• Case Study: India's focus on rural road development and the use of geosynthetic materials for flood and landslide resilience.

Kazakhstan

• Overview: The Kazakhstani Road Research Institute (KazDorNII) plays a key role in setting road engineering standards.
• Standardization: Includes national standards and local guidelines that address specific challenges such as permafrost and seasonal freezing.
• Policy Initiatives: Emphasis on technical specifications for road subgrades and pavement recycling.

Republic of Korea

• Overview: The Korea Expressway Corporation has implemented green road standards and a certification system.
• Standardization: Ministerial standards like JTG F40 are used, with a focus on sustainable and resilient design.
• Policy Initiatives: GreenRoads certification system, which evaluates roads based on environmental and resilience criteria.

Philippines

• Overview: The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is responsible for setting road design and construction standards.
• Standardization: Includes national standards and technical guidelines for resilient road construction.
• Policy Initiatives: Emphasis on disaster-resilient infrastructure and sustainable materials.

Russian Federation

• Overview: The Russian Federation has developed technical guidelines for road construction in challenging environments.
• Standardization: Focuses on permafrost and seasonal frozen ground conditions.
• Policy Initiatives: Use of heat-insulating sheets and other technologies to improve road resilience.

Uzbekistan

• Overview: Road construction standards and policies are tailored to local conditions and environmental challenges.
• Standardization: Emphasis on resilient design and sustainable materials.
• Policy Initiatives: Focus on improving road quality and reducing environmental impact.

Case Studies

Cambodia

• Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP): Used to enhance road resilience through adaptive planning and investment strategies.
• Case Study: National Road 2, which was damaged by landslides and flooding, illustrates the need for resilient infrastructure.

Georgia

• Low Carbon Transport: Emphasis on sustainable and socially inclusive transport systems.

India (Rural)

• Resilience through Infrastructure: Rural road development is highlighted as a way to improve connectivity and reduce vulnerability to natural disasters.

Pacific Islands

• Climate Resilient Roads: Use of geocell concrete pavements in Kiribati and Tuvalu to protect against coastal flooding.
• Samoa: Focus on building resilient roads on the vulnerable west coast.
• Local Materials: Use of local materials for climate-resilient coastal protection.

Republic of Korea

• Green Infrastructure: Case studies on sustainable road development and maintenance.

Russian Federation

• Heat-Insulating Sheets: Used in the construction of Salekhard-Sazym Federal Highway to improve road resilience in permafrost areas.

Sri Lanka

• Geosynthetic Reinforced Soils: Used for rapid and low-cost bridge construction.

Türkiye

• Green Road Network: Emphasis on sustainable and resilient road development, including bicycle lanes and green technologies.

United States of America

• Green Infrastructure: Focus on sustainable and resilient road design and maintenance, including use of electric and hydrogen-powered machinery.

Viet Nam

• Women in Road Maintenance: Empowerment of women in rural road maintenance to improve accessibility and inclusivity.

Other Regions

Costa Rica

• Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Case study on managing infrastructure resilience in the face of natural disasters.

European Union

• Cost-Effective Maintenance: Focus on durable and cost-effective road maintenance approaches.

Mozambique

• Economic and Flood Risk-Based Planning: Prioritization of road interventions based on economic development and flood risk.

Nicaragua

• Low Carbon, Inclusive and Cost-Effective Road Program: Emphasis on sustainable road construction using local materials and methods.

Portugal

• Low Carbon Infrastructure Framework: Development of a low carbon infrastructure framework for sustainable road projects.

Key Recommendations

• Regional Cooperation: Greater regional collaboration is needed to standardize practices and enhance resilience.
• Adaptive Planning: Use of dynamic adaptive policy pathways (DAPP) for long-term resilience planning.
• Innovative Materials: Adoption of geocell and geosynthetic materials for improved resilience and sustainability.
• Green Technologies: Integration of digitalization, smart tolling systems, and green construction methods.
• Local Participation: Involvement of local communities in infrastructure development and maintenance to enhance accessibility and inclusivity.

Conclusion

The report concludes that the Asian Highway Network offers a significant opportunity for sustainable and resilient infrastructure development. A regional approach is essential to harmonize standards, share best practices, and implement effective policies. The use of innovative technologies, materials, and adaptive planning methods can significantly enhance the resilience and environmental sustainability of road infrastructure in the region.