2013-05-31-IRENA-Renewable_Energy_Country_Profiles_for_the_European_Union_62页_17mb

报告摘要

European Union Renewable Energy Country Profiles Summary

Overview

The November 2013 IRENA Renewable Energy Country Profiles for EU members overview the developments in renewable energy at the national level based on 2010-2013 data. These reports combine IRENA specialist analysis with country data and additional information sources. Data varies by country's availability.

National Profiles Summary (2011 Data Key Points)

Country	Population (2011)	GDP (Billion USD)	GDP/capita (USD)	Electricity Use/capita (kWh)	TPS Renewables (%)	Elec Gen Renewables (%)	Elec Capacity Renewables (%)	Key Target (% Renewables in 2020)	Notes
Austria	8.4M	417.7	49,581	8,344	26.5%	65.7%	65.8%	45% final energy	High diversification (wind, pv, hydro, bio)
Belgium	11.0M	513.7	46,608	8,034	4.9%	9.4%	19.1%	13% final ⚠️(Wallonia: 30% El by 2016)
Bulgaria	7.3M	53.5	7,283	4,863	7.1%	7.9%	28.8%	16%* final energy	Diversifying, prioritizing solar until 2020
Cyprus	1.1M	24.7	22,112	4,271	5.1%	3.6%	9.2%	13%	Limited renewable project data available
Czech Republic	10.5M	217.0	20,677	6,289	6.9%	8.4%	18.3%	13.5% final
Denmark	5.6M	333.6	59,889	6,122	22.4%	40.3%	38.8%	100% transport by 2050 10% transport/50%el
Estonia	1.3M	22.2	16,534	6,256	15.0%	9.1%	8.9%	25% by 2020
Finland	5.4M	263.0	48,812	15,738	25.8%	32.9%	31.6%	38% final
France	65.4M	2,773.0	42,379	7,283	7.2%	11.6%	22.5%	27% electricity / 23% final
Germany	81.8M	3,600.8	44,021	7,094	10.1%	20.4%	38.5%	18% final (30%-2030)
Greece	11.3M	289.6	25,630	5,296	7.8%	13.8%	29.2%	20% by 2020
Hungary	10.0M	140.0	14,043	3,895	7.5%	7.5%	9.5%	13% final
Ireland	4.6M	217.3	47,478	5,663	6.2%	19.7%	21.7%	16% final 40% el by 2020
Italy	60.7M	2,194.0	36,130	5,393	11.7%	27.6%	31.5%	19-20% final 38-39% el target
Latvia	2.1M	28.3	13,727	3,267	34.7%	50.5%	63.7%	40% by 2020
Lithuania	3.0M	42.7	14,100	3,527	15.1%	26.2%	9.5%	23% by 2020
Luxembourg	0.5M	59.2	114,232	15,532	2.9%	9.1%	8.6%	N/A	Very small renewable projects planned/registered
Malta	0.4M	8.9	21,380	4,684	0.1%	0.0%	3.0%	10% final
Netherlands	16.7M	836.1	50,085	7,036	4.2%	10.9%	14.6%	14% final
Poland	38.5M	514.5	13,352 their 3,832	7.8%	8.1%	8.6%
Portugal	10.6M	237.4	22,485	4,848	22.4%	46.5%	48.1%	31- No target specified for transport
Romania	21.4M	179.8	8,408	2,486	14.0%	26.3%	36.1%	24% final 43% electricity by 2020
Slovakia	5.4M	96.0	17,782	5,350	7.8%	17.7%	24.8%	14% final
Slovenia	2.1M	49.5	24,132	6,805	13.1%	24.4%	36.4%	25% final
Spain	46.2M	1,476.9	31,985	5,606	11.7%	29.8%	40.2%	20.8% final 29% electricity
Sweden	9.4M	539.7	57,114	14,030	32.1%	55.9%	66.4%	50% final by 2020 A fossil-free by 2030
United Kingdom	62.7M	2,445.4	38,974	5,517	4.2%	9.4%	13.2%$%\	15% final

📊 Symbols:

TPS: Total Primary Energy Supply
El Gen: Electricity Generation
El Cap: Electrical Capacity
USD/cap: GDP per capita in USD

Notes

Target percentages shown are primary renewable energy targets for 2020, where available. Many countries exceeded the EU average due to national circumstances or prior commitments.
Electricity share percentages often varied significantly from final energy targets, reflecting different segments of consumption.
Data availability affects cross-country comparisons, particularly for detailed data points like specific renewable technology capacities.
Country Policies describe both historical initiatives and contemporary mechanisms like CDM projects or specific support schemes (e.g., feed-in tariffs, auctions).
Resource classifications (High, Medium, Low, Unknown) indicate resource potential assessment based on global trends, not proven project feasibility.

Conclusion

The EU-27 countries collectively showed a significant transition towards renewable energy, albeit from varying levels of development. Countries like Germany, Sweden, and Spain led in renewable electricity generation share, while others showed impressive potential for development (e.g., Latvia). Government policies, increasing investment, and a supportive regulatory framework are key drivers across the region, with ambitious renewable targets set for 2020 and beyond.

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