20160531-IRENA-G20_Toolkit_for_Renewable_Energy_Deployment_Country_Options_for_sustainable_growth_based_on_Remap_60页_3mb

G20 Toolkit for Renewable Energy Deployment: Country Options for Sustainable Growth Based on REmap

Core Content

The G20 Toolkit for Renewable Energy Deployment is a report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) that outlines the potential for renewable energy growth in G20 member countries and proposes action areas for policy makers to accelerate deployment. The report is based on the REmap (Renewable Energy Mapping) analysis, which assesses the feasibility of doubling the global share of renewable energy by 2030. It was developed in collaboration with G20 Energy Ministers and country experts, and is part of the G20's "Toolkit of Voluntary Options for Renewable Energy Deployment" adopted in 2015.

Main Points

Renewable Energy Deployment Overview

• The current share of renewable energy in the total final energy consumption (TFEC) of G20 countries is 10% (19% when including traditional bioenergy).
• If current plans are followed, the share could reach 15% by 2030.
• With the implementation of IRENA's REmap options, the share could increase to 25% using existing technologies, and even higher with new technologies and energy efficiency measures.
• Renewable energy is currently the largest source of energy in the G20, accounting for half of total final renewable energy use by 2030.
• The power sector will have the highest share of renewables in 2030, reaching 45% of total generation, a doubling from today’s 23%.

Investment and Costs

• Annual investments required for renewable energy deployment in the G20 amount to USD 640 billion, representing 70% of the global investment needed.
• Incremental system costs of renewables compared to non-renewable technologies are USD 67 billion annually.
• The benefits of renewable energy, such as reduced health damage and CO₂ emissions, exceed costs by 10 to 30 times, though these externalities are not currently reflected in energy pricing.

Key Technologies and Sectors

• Wind and solar PV will dominate power generation growth.
• Solar thermal will be important in heating and cooling.
• Liquid biofuels will play a significant role in transport.
• Energy efficiency is a critical enabler of renewable energy growth, with synergies between the two.
• Bioenergy is key in many G20 countries, but its potential is often underutilised.

Policy and Action Areas

IRENA identifies seven action areas for G20 policy makers to accelerate renewable energy deployment:

1. Energy efficiency and renewables synergy – Implementing best-available and novel technologies to maximise efficiency and renewable share.
2. Flexibility in power systems – Addressing the increasing share of variable renewables (over 20% in most G20 countries).
3. Deployment in end-use sectors – Recognising the potential of renewables in heating, cooling, and transport, which is often underestimated.
4. Bioenergy development – Ensuring a sustainable and affordable supply of bioenergy feedstocks and improving conversion technologies.
5. Innovation in renewable technologies – Supporting R&D for emerging technologies such as bioenergy for chemicals, liquid biofuels for aviation, and high-temperature steam production.
6. Cost reduction and technology transfer – Highlighting the declining costs of renewables and the importance of international cooperation to reduce costs further.
7. Market pricing and policy alignment – Correcting market distortions and incorporating the societal benefits of renewables into pricing mechanisms.

Next Steps for the REmap G20 Process

• Form REmap expert working groups with IRENA and national experts to develop policy recommendations.
• Periodically update the REmap analysis with new data.
• Integrate findings into long-term energy planning and strategies.
• Use the REmap framework to support the development of a decarbonisation agenda for the G20 energy sector.

Key Information

• The G20 accounts for 75% of the global renewable energy deployment potential and 80% of global primary energy supply.
• REmap is a transparent and inclusive analytical approach that considers resource availability, financial access, policy environment, and technological learning.
• The costs of renewable energy are lower than previously estimated, and they are continuing to fall.
• The benefits of renewables, particularly in terms of health and environmental impact, are not reflected in current market prices.
• The doubling of the global renewable share by 2030 is technically and economically feasible, but requires strong policy support and strategic investment.

Conclusion

The G20 Toolkit for Renewable Energy Deployment provides a comprehensive roadmap for accelerating renewable energy use in G20 countries. It outlines the potential, costs, and benefits of renewable energy, identifies key technologies and sectors, and proposes seven action areas for policy makers to achieve sustainable growth. The report also highlights the need for international cooperation, market reform, and policy alignment to ensure the successful implementation of the REmap vision.