2002年-世界发展银行全球_Republic_of_Yemen___Poverty_Update_Volume_2_Annexes_154页_7mb

Republic of Yemen Poverty Update Summary (Volume II: Annexes)

Core Content

This document provides detailed annexes and supporting information for the Republic of Yemen Poverty Update, published in December 2002. It outlines the methodologies, data sources, and results of poverty estimates and related analyses for the year 1998. The report is prepared by the World Bank and includes insights from various surveys and statistical data to assess poverty in Yemen.

Main Features

• Currency: Yemeni Rial (YR)
• Exchange Rates (YR per USD): 1995: 1271, 1998: 141.7, 1999: 159.7, 2000: 161.7, 2001: 1698, 2002: 1783
• Fiscal Year: January 1 – December 31
• Key Surveys:
  • HBS-92: 1992 Household Budget Survey
  • HBS-98: 1998 Household Budget Survey
  • NPS-99: 1999 National Poverty Survey

Main Differences Between Surveys

Key Considerations

• HBS-98 is considered the first comprehensive household budget survey for Yemen and is used as the baseline for poverty measurement.
• HBS-92 is not suitable for meaningful comparisons due to urban bias and lack of weights.
• NPS-99 has a larger sample size and is representative at the governorate level, but is limited by its short duration (one month), which may introduce seasonality bias.

Poverty Line Methodologies

Three types of poverty lines were estimated:

1. Food Poverty Line (FPL): Represents the minimum cost of a food bundle to meet a minimum food energy requirement of 2,200 calories per person per day.
2. Total Poverty Line: Includes an allowance for basic non-food goods based on the mean spending of those who reach the FPL.
3. Upper Poverty Line: Provides a more generous allowance for non-food goods, based on the mean spending of those who can just afford the FPL.

The methodologies used to estimate these lines include both parametric and non-parametric approaches. The non-parametric approach involves locally weighted means.

Poverty Estimates (Non-Parametric)

Key Issues and Considerations

• Qat Classification: The report discusses whether qat should be considered a basic need. It is included in both total expenditure and the poverty line in the current methodology, whereas previous studies excluded it from non-food needs.
• Methodological Options:
  • Method 1: Includes qat in welfare indicator, excludes from poverty line
  • Method 2: Includes qat in both
  • Method 3: Excludes qat from both

Data and Methodology

• The food bundle for 1998 includes various commodities, with their consumption quantities and energy contributions calculated.
• Weighting: Surveys were weighted using individual expansion factors.
• Total Sample Size: 15,658,163 expansion factors across households.

Conclusion

The HBS-98 provides a more reliable baseline for income poverty measurement, while the NPS-99 is useful for assessing non-income aspects of poverty. The report highlights the importance of considering multiple poverty lines and the impact of qat on poverty estimates. It also underscores the need for improving the quality of future household surveys to better capture non-monetary aspects of well-being.