【CBRE世邦魏理仕】2024年印度建筑行业技术转型报告：缩短工期提升质量_24页_2mb

报告摘要

Construction Technologies Summary

Core Content

This report explores the transformative role of digital technologies in the construction industry, focusing on their potential to reduce project timelines, enhance quality, and improve efficiency. It outlines the current state of the Indian construction market, identifies key challenges, and highlights the government's initiatives to foster a tech-enabled industry. Additionally, it discusses the key technologies driving this change and their impact on cost, time, and quality, along with an outlook for developers and investors.

Main Points

1. The Indian Context

India's construction industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the need to reduce timelines, control costs, and improve quality.
The real estate sector is a major contributor, with a market size of USD 0.52 trillion in 2024, projected to grow to USD 0.86 trillion by 2029 at a CAGR of 8.71%.
The government is pushing for affordable housing through schemes like PMAY (Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana), targeting 1.12 crore urban housing units and 2 crore rural housing units over five years.
Capital expenditure for FY2024-25 is INR 11.11 trillion (3.4% of GDP), expected to drive infrastructure investments in tier-II and III cities.

2. Current Challenges in Construction Projects

Cost overruns: 39% of projects exceed budget by more than 20%, with construction costs rising 10-12% year-on-year.
Time overruns: Projects often run 20% behind schedule, leading to legal disputes.
Skilled manpower shortage: Particularly after the Covid-19 pandemic, leading to inefficiencies.
Rising raw material costs: Raw materials account for ~66% of total construction costs, with steel and cement comprising 20-25%.
Labour cost increases: Up 10-15% in 2023.
Non-integrated systems: Lack of coordination between design, procurement, and execution causes inefficiencies.
Design and order changes: Lead to estimation inaccuracies and project delays.
Quality and safety issues: Often due to lack of skilled workforce and negligence.
Inaccurate estimation: Manual methods result in unreliable budgets.

3. Government's Role in Fostering a Tech-Enabled Industry

While there are no direct policies for construction technology, the cascading effects of other policies push for technological adoption.
Key government initiatives include:
- PMAY: Encourages modular construction, prefabrication, and green technologies.
- Make in India: Supports domestic manufacturing and technology adoption through the PLI scheme.
- Smart Cities Mission: Has issued 7,804 projects valued at INR 181,322 crore (USD 21.9 billion), with 67.22% completed as of January 2023.
These initiatives aim to accelerate project timelines and improve construction standards.

4. Key Technologies Revolutionising the Construction Industry

The following are the key technologies transforming the industry:

Technology	Key Features
Building Information Modelling (BIM) & Digital Twins	Enhances collaboration, reduces errors, and allows for virtual project simulation.
Drones	Used for land surveying, site mapping, structure inspection, and progress monitoring.
Real-time Monitoring & IoT	Enables safety tracking, non-compliance detection, and worker health monitoring.
Virtual/Augmented Reality (AR/VR)	Useful for design visualisation, worker training, and client engagement.
Autonomous Heavy Equipment & Construction Robots	Used for bricklaying, plastering, painting, and 3D printing.
Wearable Technology	Includes smart helmets, safety vests, and exoskeletons to monitor worker safety and health.
Data Analytics	Provides resource optimisation, risk mitigation, and project scheduling improvements.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)	Aids in cost prediction, safety risk assessment, and project planning.
Prefabrication	Reduces on-site errors and improves quality control.
Green Technology & Innovative Materials	Reduces environmental impact and improves building performance.
3D Printing	Ideal for complex designs and mass affordable housing.

5. Impact of Technologies on Cost, Time, and Quality

Technology	Adoption Level	Cost Impact	Time Impact	Quality Impact	Current Use	Reasons for Low Adoption
BIM & Digital Twins	Mid	Low	High	Mid	MEP layout, flash detection	Low LOD, integration challenges
Drones	Low	Low	Mid	Low	Surveying, progress tracking	Inaccurate surveys, integration issues
Real-time Monitoring & IoT	Low	Low	Mid	High	Smoke detectors, RFID tags	End-to-end solutions lacking
AR/VR	Low	Low	Low	Mid	Design stage, client experience	Learning curve, limited real-time use
Autonomous Equipment & Robots	Low	High	High	Mid	Brick laying, painting	High costs, site conditions
Wearables	Low	Low	Low	Mid	Activity monitoring, health tracking	Integration, training required
Data Analytics	Low	Mid	Mid	Mid	Cost estimation, HSE tracking	Still developing, integration needed
AI	Low	Mid	Mid	Mid	Prefabrication planning, BMS	Limited use, developing technology
Prefabrication	Mid	Mid	High	Mid	Affordable housing, composite structures	Needs pre-planning, repetition
Green Tech & Materials	High	Mid	Mid	High	Grade A projects	Limited end-to-end use in smaller projects
3D Printing	Low	High	High	Mid	Pilot projects, visualisation	High initial cost, limited use

6. Outlook for Developers and Investors

Efficiency and productivity: Advanced planning tools like BIM and scheduling software can streamline project management and reduce delays.
Cost reduction and ROI: Initial investment in technology can lead to long-term savings through reduced material waste and better resource allocation.
Sustainability focus: Green technologies and materials will become more critical as environmental concerns grow.
Safety and risk management: IoT and wearables can improve worker safety, reduce accidents, and lower insurance costs.
Data-driven decisions: Technologies allow for real-time data collection and analysis, enabling informed decision-making.
Talent acquisition and retention: Embracing technology can attract younger, tech-savvy professionals.
Market demand: As projects become more complex, technology solutions will be in higher demand.
Collaboration opportunities: Developers and investors should partner with technology firms to co-develop solutions and stay competitive.
Regulatory compliance: Technology can help ensure compliance with safety and environmental standards, reducing legal risks.

7. Conclusion

The construction industry is on the brink of a digital transformation, with technologies such as BIM, drones, AI, and prefabrication playing a crucial role.
While adoption rates remain low, the potential benefits in terms of efficiency, cost savings, and sustainability are significant.
Government initiatives and market growth are accelerating the adoption of these technologies.
Developers and investors must strategically integrate these innovations to stay competitive and capitalize on emerging opportunities.

CBRE Research Team

CBRE India Research Team provides real estate market insights and econometric forecasts.
The report is exclusive to CBRE clients and professionals and is not for financial trading purposes.

Contact Information

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