2015年-世界发展银行全球_Federative_Republic_of_Brazil___National_Road_Safety_Capacity_Review_165页_2mb

Federative Republic of Brazil National Road Safety Capacity Review Summary

Core Content

This report, prepared by the World Bank with support from the Global Road Safety Facility (GRSF), evaluates the current state of road safety management in Brazil and provides recommendations to improve outcomes. It is part of a long-term partnership between the World Bank and the Brazilian government aimed at addressing the growing road safety crisis in the country.

Main Findings

1. Road Safety Situation in Brazil

• High Rates of Casualties: Traffic accidents in Brazil result in over 42,000 deaths annually, with a mortality rate of 23.6 per 100,000 population in 2012 and 21.6 in 2013. These figures are higher than those in other Latin American countries and far from the best global performance.
• Economic Impact: The economic cost of traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths in 2013 was estimated between BRL 170 to 258 billion, with BRL 12 billion just on federal roads.
• Demographics of Victims: Men and young adults (18-24 and 30-39 age groups) are disproportionately affected. Motorcyclists make up 82.6% of seriously injured motorized vehicle occupants and 52.0% of motorized vehicle occupant deaths.
• Crash Trends: From 2001 to 2013, the number of deaths increased by 37%, and serious injuries doubled.

2. Institutional and Systemic Challenges

• Lack of Leadership: There is no single national lead agency with the appropriate functions, powers, and resources to coordinate and manage road safety activities across all levels of government.
• Inadequate Coordination: Multi-sectoral coordination is weak, and there is a lack of uniformity in road safety policy between federal, state, and municipal levels.
• Data Deficits: Brazil lacks a comprehensive national crash database, making it difficult to monitor progress, set goals, and advocate for road safety.
• Weak Enforcement: Penalties for traffic violations are often too low and not aligned with inflation or increasing wealth, reducing their deterrent effect. Enforcement of drink driving laws and speed limits is also inconsistent.

3. Funding and Resources

• Uncertain Funding: Road safety is not specifically allocated in federal or state budgets. Funding is usually derived from consolidated funds, leading to inconsistent investment.
• Resource Gaps: Smaller municipalities are under-resourced and unable to manage road safety effectively, especially on local roads.

Key Recommendations

The review outlines 14 areas of opportunity to improve road safety in Brazil:

1. Establish a National Lead Agency: A single agency with leadership, management capacity, and accountability should be created to oversee road safety, ideally reporting to the President.
2. Develop a Comprehensive Crash Database: A national database should be established to track all road accidents, including details for informed management and monitoring.
3. Ensure Sustainable Funding: Road safety programs should be funded appropriately and consistently across all levels of government.
4. Promote a Results-Focused Culture: Governments should adopt evidence-based decisions, stronger performance criteria, and accountability measures.
5. Enhance Technical and Management Capacity: Training and capacity building for road safety staff in federal, state, and municipal agencies should be prioritized.
6. Implement Multisectoral Promotion and Education: Systematic, evidence-based programs should be developed by NGOs, private enterprises, and the education sector.
7. Strengthen Municipal and State Partnerships: Municipalities should be supported with better resources and stable partnerships with states.
8. Integrate Road Safety into Infrastructure Planning: Road design should prioritize safe systems principles, including barriers, speed humps, and clear signage.
9. Improve Road User Behavior Management: Enforcement should be scaled up and more consistent, especially in rural areas. A graduated licensing scheme should be adopted.
10. Manage Travel Speeds: Lower speed limits, engineering solutions, and aggressive enforcement should be used to reduce speeds and improve safety.
11. Enhance Motorcycle Safety: Measures such as blackspot programs, lane-splitting bans, and zero tolerance for helmet non-compliance should be implemented.
12. Improve Vehicle Safety Standards: Regulations should require higher safety standards, with financial incentives and robust fleet purchase policies.
13. Coordinate Emergency Response: A single emergency number should be used to improve the coordination and recovery of crash victims.
14. Reduce Road Use: Road safety should be considered in the economic evaluation of transportation projects, promoting alternative transport modes like public transport and non-motorized transport.

Critical Observations

• Motorization Growth: The motorization rate has increased by 12.5% annually from 2001 to 2012, with motorcycles growing at over 30% per year, contributing to a surge in accidents.
• Global Context: Road traffic crashes are the eighth leading cause of death globally and the leading cause for those aged 15–29. Brazil is not an exception to this global crisis.
• International Collaboration: The World Bank and UN are collaborating to achieve the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety (2011–2020), aiming to halve road fatalities and injuries by 2020.
• Need for Systematization: Brazil lacks a global systematization of road safety initiatives, despite having some well-designed local programs.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the urgent need for institutional reform, improved data collection, enhanced funding mechanisms, and better coordination across sectors and levels of government. It also highlights the importance of adopting safe system principles, increasing public awareness, and leveraging international best practices to reduce the high toll of road accidents in Brazil.