世界银行-2019年营商环境报告_为改革而培训-2018.10-311页_79mb

Summary of DOING BUSINESS 2019

Core Content

DOING BUSINESS 2019 is the 16th annual report that evaluates business regulations across 190 economies, aiming to measure the impact of these regulations on business activity and economic development. The report provides data on 11 key areas of business regulation, including starting a business, construction permits, electricity access, property registration, credit access, minority investor protection, tax payment, international trade, contract enforcement, insolvency resolution, and labor market regulation.

The report emphasizes the importance of regulatory quality and efficiency in fostering a thriving private sector and entrepreneurship. It highlights that reforms in business regulation can lead to significant improvements in the ease of doing business, as evidenced by the reduction in time and cost for starting a business, obtaining electricity, and registering property. The ease of doing business score is a benchmarking tool that measures how close an economy is to the best regulatory practices, while the ranking reflects how an economy compares to others.

Main Viewpoints

• Regulatory Reforms: Between June 2, 2017, and May 1, 2018, a record 314 regulatory reforms were implemented across 128 economies. These reforms have made it easier to do business, reducing the average time to register a business from 47 days in 2006 to 20 days in 2018, and the average paid-in minimum capital from 145% of income per capita to 6%.

• Regional Impact: Sub-Saharan Africa has been the region with the highest number of reforms since 2012, with 107 reforms recorded in 2018. The region has seen substantial improvements in the ease of doing business, such as a decline in the time and cost to register a business from 59 days and 192% of income per capita in 2006 to 23 days and 40% today.

• Top Improvers: The 10 top improvers in the 2019 report include both large and small economies, such as China, India, and Afghanistan. Notably, four of these are countries affected by fragility, conflict, and violence, indicating that even challenging economies can make significant progress with strong policy will.

• Global Best Practices: The top 20 economies in the ease of doing business ranking share common good practices, including online procedures for starting a business, automated electricity restoration, mandatory inspections during construction, and robust legal frameworks for insolvency and contract enforcement. These practices contribute to a more efficient and transparent business environment.

• Training and Communication: Training opportunities for service providers and users are positively linked to the ease of doing business score. Increased communication between public and private sectors on legislative changes also correlates with more reforms and better performance on Doing Business indicators.

Key Information

11 Measured Business Regulation Areas:

• Starting a business
• Dealing with construction permits
• Getting electricity
• Registering property
• Getting credit
• Protecting minority investors
• Paying taxes
• Trading across borders
• Enforcing contracts
• Resolving insolvency
• Labor market regulation

Ease of Doing Business Score:

• The score is calculated based on the gap between an economy's current regulatory performance and the best practice standard.
• It combines various indicators such as time and procedures required for different business activities.
• The best score is set at 100, and the worst at 0.

Top 20 Economies:

• New Zealand, Singapore, and Denmark are the top three economies.
• The top 20 includes 12 OECD high-income economies, 4 from East Asia and the Pacific, 2 from Europe and Central Asia, and 1 each from Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East and North Africa.
• These economies have implemented good practices such as online procedures, automated tools, and comprehensive legal frameworks.

Top 50 Economies:

• Almost 60% of the top 50 economies are from the OECD high-income group.
• South Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean are not represented in the top 50.
• The top 50 includes a mix of income levels, with Georgia, Kosovo, and Moldova being lower-middle-income economies, and Rwanda as the only low-income economy.

Research and Methodology:

• The report is based on rigorous research and methodology, providing data that helps policy makers identify areas for reform.
• It has inspired over 3,500 reforms since its launch in 2003 and has become a key reference for other institutions and researchers.
• The methodology and research papers are available on the Doing Business website for transparency and accountability.

Limitations:

• The report does not assess market size, financial market soundness, macroeconomic conditions, or political stability.
• It focuses on business regulation and the protection of property rights, which are critical for economic growth and SME development.

Key Findings:

• Improved business regulation leads to higher productivity, more employment, and a more competitive private sector.
• Research shows that reducing procedures and minimum capital requirements positively impacts business creation.
• Transparent and efficient regulations are essential for reducing corruption and fostering trust in the business environment.

Conclusion

DOING BUSINESS 2019 underscores the importance of regulatory quality and efficiency in driving economic growth and entrepreneurship. It provides valuable insights into how reforms can improve the business environment, reduce costs, and increase the ease of doing business. The report also highlights the role of training and communication in facilitating these improvements and the impact of good practices on economic outcomes. Despite its limitations, the Doing Business initiative remains a crucial tool for policy makers and researchers in promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth.