2003年-世界发展银行全球_Timor-Leste_Poverty_Assessment___Poverty_in_a_New_Nation_-_Analysis_for_Action_Volume_2_Technical_Report_234页_13mb

Poverty Assessment in Timor-Leste (Report No. 25662-TP)

Core Content

This report presents a comprehensive poverty assessment of Timor-Leste, conducted as part of the Poverty Assessment Project. It is a joint effort by the Government of Timor-Leste, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET), and the World Bank. The report is divided into two volumes, with this being Volume II: the Technical Report.

The primary objective of the report is to establish a baseline for poverty in the newly independent nation, focusing on its extent, nature, and dimensions, and to support the formulation, implementation, and monitoring of poverty reduction strategies. It is based on the first nationally representative household survey conducted in Timor-Leste from August to December 2001, known as the Timor-Leste Living Standards Measurement Survey (TLSS), which included 1,800 households, representing about one percent of the total population.

The report includes data from three main survey activities:

• Suco Survey: A census of all 498 sucos, providing an inventory of social and physical infrastructure and economic characteristics.
• Participatory Potential Assessment (PPA): A qualitative community survey that helped 48 aldeias identify their strengths, challenges, and priorities.
• TLSS: A nationally representative survey that aims to diagnose the causes of poverty and analyze policy options.

The report is structured into several chapters, each addressing a different dimension of poverty and well-being, including:

• Survey design and welfare measurement
• The people's perspective
• Welfare profile
• Labor markets, employment, and poverty
• Education and poverty
• Disadvantaged groups
• Food security
• Determinants of poverty

Main Points

1. Survey Design and Welfare Measurement

• The TLSS is a nationally representative survey of 1,800 households, covering one percent of the population.
• The survey is designed to provide a detailed understanding of poverty and well-being across different domains, including urban and rural areas, agro-ecological zones, and geographic regions.
• The survey design includes both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods to capture a holistic view of living standards and poverty dynamics.
• The report includes a sensitivity analysis to ensure the reliability of poverty measures and examines inequality and social welfare.

2. The People's Perspective

• Subjective well-being is assessed through surveys, capturing perceptions of economic and power status.
• There is a focus on how living standards have changed since the violence in 1999.
• The report highlights the experiences of "winners and losers" in the context of post-violence recovery.
• Personal and national priorities are identified, with an emphasis on how these relate to poverty reduction.

3. Welfare Profile

• The report provides a detailed breakdown of poverty rates across different domains, including urban and rural areas.
• It explores the relationship between poverty and demographic factors such as household size, composition, and the age of the household head.
• The analysis includes data on assets, infrastructure, and savings, offering insights into the material conditions of households.

4. Labor Markets, Employment, and Poverty

• Labor force participation and employment rates are analyzed by gender, poverty status, and region.
• The report examines the characteristics of employment and the sources of labor income for households.
• Unemployment rates in Dili and Baucau are discussed, along with the impact of labor policies on the poor.
• Child labor is addressed, and time use patterns are analyzed to understand the labor dynamics in the country.

5. Education and Poverty

• The education sector is assessed, with data on enrollment rates, school participation, and literacy.
• The report discusses the accomplishments of the Transitional Administration in education and identifies key challenges.
• It highlights the disparities in education access and the factors influencing enrollment, such as economic status and geographic location.

6. Disadvantaged Groups

• The report focuses on gender, with a specific look at female-headed households and widows.
• It addresses the welfare of children whose parents are not living, emphasizing the impact of parental status on child well-being.
• Policy and research issues are outlined to address the needs of these vulnerable groups.

7. Food Security

• Food security is analyzed in relation to poverty, with data on coping strategies and intrahousehold transfers.
• The report explores how food insecurity affects different population groups and the role of infrastructure in addressing this issue.

8. Determinants of Poverty

• A model is developed to estimate the determinants of poverty.
• The report includes simulation methodology to analyze the potential impact of policy changes on poverty levels.
• The findings are used to inform policy options for poverty reduction.

Key Information

• Currency Equivalents: US$ is used as the currency equivalent for all monetary data.
• Fiscal Year: July 1 – June 30.
• Data Sources: The report is based on the TLSS, Suco Survey, and PPA.
• Collaborative Effort: The report was prepared with the support of various international organizations and donor partners.
• Dissemination: The findings were shared with government officials, civil society, and development partners through workshops and seminars.
• Team Members: A comprehensive list of survey team members is provided, including supervisors and enumerators.

Structure

• Preface: Outlines the purpose and scope of the report.
• Acknowledgements: Recognizes the contributions of the Government, donor partners, and individuals involved in the project.
• Chapters: Each chapter addresses a specific aspect of poverty, including survey design, subjective well-being, welfare profile, labor markets, education, disadvantaged groups, food security, and determinants of poverty.
• Appendices and Tables: Provide detailed data on poverty rates, income sources, education enrollment, and other relevant metrics.

This report serves as a critical reference for policymakers and researchers aiming to understand and address poverty in Timor-Leste.