2001年-世界发展银行全球_Africa_Gas_Initiative___Volume_5_Cote_dIvoire_94页_5mb

Summary of the Africa Gas Initiative Report for Cote d'Ivoire (Volume V, February 2001)

Core Content

The Africa Gas Initiative (AGI) report for Cote d'Ivoire provides an overview of the country's oil and gas resources, exploration and production activities, refining and downstream operations, natural gas and LPG prospects, and institutional and regulatory frameworks. It is part of the Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP), which aims to support sustainable energy development in developing countries and transition economies.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Country Overview

• Cote d'Ivoire is a mid-sized West African country with 322,000 km² and a population of 14.3 million.
• The economy is primarily based on agriculture (cocoa and coffee), but efforts to diversify have seen some success.
• The oil and gas sector is not a major contributor to the economy compared to neighboring countries like Nigeria or Gabon.
• The country has experienced economic growth since the mid-1990s, with GDP increasing by 6.6% between 1995 and 1997 and inflation decreasing from 14.3% to 5.6% per annum.

2. Exploration and Production

• The oil and gas industry in Cote d'Ivoire saw rapid development due to policy reforms in the early 1990s.
• Offshore petroleum reserves were first discovered in the 1970s. Two fields, Espoir and Belier, began production in the late 1970s but are now idle.
• Block CI-11 (Lion and Panthère fields) was developed by UMC (Ocean Energy) in 1994, with production starting in 1995.
• Block CI-27 (Foxtrot field), discovered by Phillips in the early 1980s, was relinquished in 1989 and is now being redeveloped by Apache Oil.
• Block CI-01 is under development and includes small fields that could supply increasing domestic and regional demand.
• Oil and gas production reached 20 mbpd and 68 mmcfd in 1998, with RTP ratios of about 14 and 60 years, respectively.

3. Refining and Downstream Operations

• The SIR refinery (59,000 bpd) and SMB asphalt plant (10,000 bpd) are located in Abidjan and are among the largest in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
• SIR is shared by Petroci, IOCs, and neighboring countries.
• A USD 84 million expansion is being considered to increase refining capacity to 88,000 bpd and enhance hydrocracking.
• The GoCI is seeking a strategic partner for the expansion and plans to privatize its interests in both SIR and SMB.

4. Natural Gas Operation

• Cote d'Ivoire is one of the few SSA countries that uses natural gas in its domestic market, alongside Nigeria, Gabon, Senegal, and South Africa.
• The country has developed a comprehensive vision for gas utilization across various economic sectors.
• Natural gas is used for thermal power generation and refinery operations, with a gas network being built in Abidjan's industrial suburbs.
• The Azito power plant, built by a consortium including ABB, IPS, and EDF, is a 23-year BOOT concession and will be the largest gas-fired thermal power plant in SSA.
• The plant includes two 144-MW gas turbines and a steam turbine unit for heat recovery, with the potential to reach 420 MW.
• Gas supply for Azito will come from both Apache (Foxtrot field) and Ocean Energy (CI-01 fields).

5. Conventional Industry and Gas Utilization

• Gas is also used in conventional industry, especially in Abidjan's industrial zones.
• The industrial sector is expected to become a significant consumer of gas in the medium term.
• Petroci has initiated a gas network in the harbor area, including Vridi and Treichville, to supply industrial and commercial users.
• The potential industrial market for gas is estimated at 8 to 10 mmcfd in the 4-million population metropolis of Abidjan.

6. Large-Scale Projects

• The BNETD is working on three large-scale industrial projects, including sponge-iron and ammonia-urea plants.
• These projects are in different stages of development, with the nickel project being the most advanced.
• Gas consumption for these projects is estimated to be 20–25 mmcfd for the sponge-iron and nickel projects, and up to 80 mmcfd for the ammonia-urea plant.
• The AGI has not assessed the technical and economic viability of these projects, as they are beyond the scope of the Initiative.

7. LPG Prospects

• LPG consumption in Cote d'Ivoire has remained low, with per capita usage at 2.5 kg, compared to Senegal (5 kg) and Gabon (11 kg).
• Biomass (charcoal and woodfuel) accounts for 90% of overall energy consumption, and 80% in the residential sector.
• Deforestation has been a major issue, driven by the demand for woodfuel and charcoal, especially in Abidjan (which has a population of over 4 million).
• LPG demand has been constrained due to limited supply and negative margins for the private sector.
• Petroci has developed new LPG niches, including 6-kg and 28-kg cylinders, and integrated gas stoves, without displacing existing private sector sales.
• The recent connection of the refinery to the natural gas network and the implementation of LPG recovery units by UMC and Apache are expected to increase LPG availability.
• The GoCI has revised the LPG pricing framework to allow for reasonable returns for the private sector.

Key Takeaways

• ESMAP is a global program that supports sustainable energy development, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Cote d'Ivoire has significant oil and gas reserves, with 100 million barrels of recoverable oil and 1.4 tcf of gas.
• Natural gas is being utilized for power generation and refinery operations, with the Azito power plant as a flagship project.
• LPG has potential in both residential and commercial markets, but its development is hindered by low per capita consumption and inappropriate subsidies.
• The AGI is focused on gas utilization and market development, rather than promoting large-scale industrial projects.
• Regulatory and institutional reforms are critical for improving energy sector efficiency and market accessibility.

Appendices and Supporting Information

• The report includes Annexes and Tables that provide detailed data on:
  • Regulatory framework for gas
  • Energy context and economic indicators
  • Oil and gas industry status
  • Tariff and economic regulation policies
  • Regulatory practices in other regions
• The list of completed ESMAP projects is appended for reference.
• Contact information for ESMAP is provided for further inquiries.

Conclusion

This report highlights the potential for gas utilization in Cote d'Ivoire, particularly in power generation and refining, and outlines the challenges and opportunities in the LPG market. It also emphasizes the importance of institutional and regulatory reforms in enabling sustainable energy development and poverty alleviation in the region.