2024年世界野生动物犯罪报告（英）-169页_37mb

World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 Summary

Core Content

The World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 is a comprehensive analysis of global wildlife trafficking trends, their impacts, driving factors, and responses. It highlights the persistent nature of wildlife crime despite two decades of international and national efforts. The report emphasizes the need for more scientific evidence, strategic interventions, and modernized criminal justice responses to effectively combat this issue.

Main Points

Key Messages

• Wildlife trafficking persists worldwide despite international and national efforts. More rapid and measurable progress can be achieved if interventions are informed by stronger scientific evidence.
• Interventions need to be prioritized and more strategic due to the vast number of species affected and the diversity of markets driving environmental and societal harms.
• Corruption undermines regulation and enforcement, while technology accelerates traffickers' access to global markets. Criminal justice responses should be modernized, strengthened, and harmonized across the entire trafficking chain.
• Wildlife crime is interconnected with organized crime groups operating in fragile and diverse ecosystems. A broader strategy to address organized crime as a whole is needed to tackle wildlife trafficking in these contexts.

Key Figures at a Glance

• Diversity of species recorded in seizures: The report includes data on the percentage share of all seizure records by species group from 2015 to 2021.
• Species most affected: Just 15 broad markets comprised the bulk of the observed illegal wildlife trade during 2015–2021, affecting around 4,000 species, approximately 3,250 of which are listed in the CITES Appendices.
• Top commodities in trade: Data on the top commodities by percentage of seizure records from 2015 to 2021 is provided.
• Demand sectors: The report identifies key sectors driving demand for wildlife products, including food, medicine, live animal and plant keeping, and "luxury" goods.
• Seizure trends: The number of wildlife seizures reported for 2020 and 2021 was around half that of the preceding four years, highlighting possible shifts in trafficking methods and the need for more accurate data.
• Shipment routing: The report provides a partial view of illegal wildlife trade flows, showing that seizures may include information on the alleged country of departure and/or destination, offering insight into trade routes.

Impact of the Pandemic

• The COVID-19 pandemic partly reshaped wildlife trafficking but did not stop it. There was a significant reduction in wildlife trafficking from personal baggage in air transport due to travel restrictions and a drop in passenger numbers.
• However, the impact of other pandemic-related factors on seizure trends remains unclear, requiring more careful interpretation.
• The report notes that the proportion of illegal wildlife trade intercepted relative to all wildlife trade increased during the pandemic, indicating that the illegal trade may have become more sophisticated and harder to detect.

Main Viewpoints

• Wildlife trafficking is not homogeneous and includes a wide range of distinct market segments with varying trends.
• Corruption and technology are key enablers of wildlife crime, with traffickers exploiting legal and regulatory gaps.
• Organized crime groups are heavily involved in wildlife trafficking, particularly in regions with fragile ecosystems.
• Scientific evidence is crucial for designing, implementing, and evaluating effective interventions.
• Community engagement is vital, as local communities are often the first line of defense and are affected by the consequences of wildlife crime.

Key Information

• The report includes over 140,000 records of wildlife seizures reported between 2015 and 2021.
• Seizures of elephant ivory and rhinoceros horn show signs of progress, with a decline in poaching, seizure levels, and market prices over the past decade.
• Progress on SDG target 15.7 to end wildlife trafficking is not on track, with the proportion of intercepted illegal wildlife trade increasing during the pandemic.
• Data sources include the Environment Investigation Agency, TRAFFIC, UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and Wildlife Justice Commission.
• International cooperation is essential, with the report benefiting from contributions by UNODC colleagues and experts in the field.

Conclusion & Policy Implications

• Wildlife crime requires multifaceted interventions at both the supply and demand ends.
• Criminal justice responses must be modernized, strengthened, and harmonized across the entire trafficking chain.
• Investment in data and analytical capacity is necessary to better understand and address wildlife crime.
• Community involvement and scientific research should guide policy and enforcement actions.
• Addressing organized crime is a broader strategy that can help reduce wildlife trafficking, especially in ecologically sensitive regions.

Structure and Collaboration

• The report is a collaborative effort involving multiple UNODC divisions, scientific advisory committees, and external partners such as CITES, ICCWC, INTERPOL, the World Bank, and the World Customs Organization.
• Fieldwork and case studies were conducted by various experts, providing insights into specific wildlife trafficking challenges.
• The report acknowledges the limitations of seizure-based data, including geographical gaps and a strong focus on CITES-listed species, highlighting the need for more comprehensive and accurate data collection.