2024-08-30-联合国-2024年世界野生动物犯罪报告_169页_37mb

World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 Summary

Core Content

The World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) provides a comprehensive analysis of the global wildlife trafficking crisis. It outlines the current state of the illicit wildlife trade, its impacts, and the effectiveness of interventions, emphasizing the need for more strategic and evidence-based approaches to combat this crime.

Main Points

1. Wildlife Trafficking Overview

• Wildlife trafficking persists globally despite two decades of international and national efforts.
• The illicit trade affects thousands of species across more than 160 countries and territories.
• It causes significant environmental and societal harms, including ecosystem disruption, climate change, and threats to human security, health, and livelihoods.
• The trade spans multiple sectors such as food, medicine, and luxury goods.

2. Key Messages

• Interventions should be informed by strong scientific evidence to achieve more rapid and measurable progress.
• Corruption and technology play critical roles in enabling and expanding the trade, necessitating modernized and harmonized criminal justice responses.
• Wildlife crime is interconnected with organized crime in fragile and diverse ecosystems, requiring broader strategies to address the root causes of these criminal activities.
• Strategic and coordinated efforts are essential to tackle the complex and multifaceted nature of wildlife crime.

3. Trends and Data Insights

• The report includes key figures highlighting the diversity of species involved and the volume of seizures.
• The standardized seizure index for 2015–2021 shows that seizures in 2020 and 2021 were around half of those in the preceding four years, possibly due to pandemic-related disruptions.
• The proportion of illegal wildlife trade relative to all wildlife trade (legal and illegal) increased during the pandemic, reaching 1.4–1.9% in 2020 and 2021, up from 0.5–1.1% in previous years.
• Elephant ivory and rhinoceros horn are notable examples where progress is evident, with declining poaching, seizure levels, and market prices over the past decade.

4. Drivers of Wildlife Crime

• Corruption undermines regulation and enforcement, particularly in roles such as permit issuance and market oversight.
• Technology enables traffickers to reach global markets more efficiently and evade detection.
• Market dynamics and economic incentives drive the illicit trade, with some communities facing economic losses due to protective regulations.

5. Current Interventions and Challenges

• Multifaceted interventions at both supply and demand ends are needed, including policy engagement, law enforcement, and market suppression.
• International cooperation is crucial for effective responses, given the transnational nature of the trade.
• Data gaps remain, especially in sectors like timber and fisheries, which are less monitored than others.

Key Figures

Species Diversity in Seizures

• Over 4,000 plant and animal species were affected by illegal wildlife trade from 2015–2021.
• CITES-listed species make up a significant portion of the seized wildlife.

Commodities in Trade

• Top commodities include ivory, rhino horn, rosewood, seahorses, orchids, and others.
• Rosewood and seahorses are among the most frequently trafficked.

Seizure Trends

• Seizures in 2020 and 2021 were significantly lower than in previous years, possibly due to pandemic restrictions.
• The volume of seizures varied by species and region, indicating a non-homogeneous trade.

Policy Implications

• Investment in data and analytical capacity is necessary to improve understanding and response to wildlife crime.
• Legal frameworks should be strengthened to address corruption and organized crime.
• Community engagement is essential, as local communities are both affected by and have a role in conserving wildlife.
• Harmonized and agile responses are required to address the evolving nature of the trade and the use of new technologies by traffickers.

Conclusion

The World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 underscores the complexity and persistence of wildlife trafficking, despite some progress in specific areas. It calls for evidence-based, strategic, and coordinated interventions to effectively combat this global issue. The report also highlights the interconnectedness of wildlife crime with other criminal activities and the urgent need for international collaboration to address the root causes and ensure sustainable progress.