UNODC：2024年世界野生动物犯罪报告_169页_37mb

World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 Summary

Core Content

The World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 is published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and provides a comprehensive assessment of the global illicit wildlife trade. It highlights the ongoing challenges and the need for coordinated, science-based, and adaptive responses to combat wildlife trafficking effectively.

Main Points

• Wildlife trafficking persists globally, despite two decades of international and national efforts. Progress is slow, and more rapid and measurable outcomes are needed.
• Scientific evidence is critical for designing and implementing effective interventions. Current data and analysis are insufficient to fully address the complexity of the issue.
• Corruption and technology are major enablers of wildlife crime. Corruption undermines regulation and enforcement, while new technologies allow traffickers to access global markets more easily.
• Wildlife crime is linked to organized crime. Large and powerful criminal groups operate in fragile and diverse ecosystems, exacerbating the environmental and social impacts of the trade.
• The illicit wildlife trade affects thousands of species and spans over 160 countries and territories, with a wide range of environmental, social, and economic harms.
• Demand and supply-side interventions are essential, and they must be coordinated and harmonized to have a meaningful impact.
• The SDG target 15.7 to end wildlife trafficking is not on track to be met by 2030. The proportion of illegal wildlife trade intercepted globally increased during the pandemic, indicating that the actual scale of the trade is likely even larger.
• The pandemic had mixed effects on wildlife trafficking. While air transport seizures declined, other forms of trafficking remained largely unaffected, and the trade adapted to new challenges.

Key Figures at a Glance

• Diversity of species recorded in seizures shows that a wide range of species are affected, with a strong focus on CITES-listed species.
• Top commodities in the illicit trade include timber, ivory, rhino horn, orchids, seahorses, and rosewood.
• Seizures reported by weight and number reveal that the trade involves millions of items and thousands of tons of wildlife products annually.
• Transportation trends indicate that air and sea transport are the most common methods used for trafficking, with varying levels of activity.
• Seizure numbers have fluctuated over the years, with a significant drop in 2020 and 2021, but not a consistent decline.

Major Trends and Findings

• The illicit wildlife trade remains a major threat to biodiversity, ecosystems, and human well-being.
• Elephant ivory and rhino horn are examples of wildlife commodities that have shown signs of progress, with declining poaching, seizure levels, and market prices over the past decade.
• The role of organized crime is significant, as they exploit regulatory gaps and provide logistical support to traffickers.
• The impact of the pandemic on wildlife trafficking was complex, with some reductions in certain trafficking channels but not in others.
• International cooperation has improved, with the establishment of regional enforcement networks and the International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime (ICCWC).
• Criminal justice responses need to be modernized, strengthened, and harmonized across the entire trafficking chain.

Policy Implications

• Enhanced scientific evidence is necessary to guide interventions and evaluate their effectiveness.
• Stronger international collaboration is essential for disrupting and dismantling the wildlife trafficking network.
• Targeted and proportional responses should be developed to address the specific motivations of traffickers and reduce unintended consequences.
• Addressing corruption is vital, as it enables and sustains wildlife crime. Prosecuting those who facilitate trafficking through corruption laws could provide more robust enforcement.
• Community engagement is crucial. Local communities are affected by wildlife crime and should be involved in conservation efforts and policy development.
• Investment in data and analysis capacity at national and international levels is required to better understand and respond to wildlife crime.

Conclusion

The World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 underscores the persistent and complex nature of the illicit wildlife trade. While there have been some successes, the overall situation remains dire. The report calls for a more strategic, science-informed, and collaborative approach to tackle wildlife crime, emphasizing the need for stronger international cooperation, improved data collection, and targeted policy interventions.