2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Economy_Profile_2017___Hungary_110页_1mb
报告摘要
Summary of Doing Business 2017: Hungary
Core Content
The Doing Business 2017 report evaluates the regulatory environment for small to medium-sized businesses across 11 key areas, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and labor market regulation. Hungary is ranked 41st in the ease of doing business ranking (DB2017) and has a Distance to Frontier (DTF) score of 73.07, showing a slight improvement from DB2016 (72.74). The report also introduces a gender dimension in several indicators, reflecting the specific challenges women face in business processes.
Main Points and Key Information
Methodology and Scope
- The report compares business regulations across 190 economies, including OECD high-income countries, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, East Asia and the Pacific, Middle East and North Africa, and South Asia.
- New features in 2017:
- Added postfiling processes to the paying taxes indicator.
- Introduced a gender component in four indicators: starting a business, registering property, enforcing contracts, and labor market regulation.
- Included a new pilot indicator on selling to the government.
- Expanded coverage to include Somalia for the first time.
Key Indicators for Hungary
| Indicator | Hungary DB2017 | Hungary DB2016 | Comparator Economies | Best Performer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Starting a Business (Rank) | 75 | 71 | Austria (111), Bulgaria (82) | New Zealand (1) |
| Starting a Business (DTF Score) | 87.28 | 87.10 | Austria (83.72), Slovakia (88.62) | New Zealand (99.96) |
| Procedure - Men (Number) | 6.0 | 6.0 | Austria (8.0), Bulgaria (6.0) | New Zealand (1.0) |
| Time - Men (Days) | 7.0 | 7.0 | Austria (21.0), Bulgaria (23.0) | New Zealand (0.5) |
| Cost - Men (% of income per capita) | 7.1 | 7.5 | Austria (0.3), Bulgaria (1.3) | Slovenia (0.0) |
| Procedure - Women (Number) | 6.0 | 6.0 | Austria (8.0), Bulgaria (6.0) | New Zealand (1.0) |
| Time - Women (Days) | 7.0 | 7.0 | Austria (21.0), Bulgaria (23.0) | New Zealand (0.5) |
| Cost - Women (% of income per capita) | 7.1 | 7.5 | Austria (0.3), Bulgaria (1.3) | Slovenia (0.0) |
| Paid-in Minimum Capital (% of income per capita) | 45.5 | 47.7 | Austria (12.8), Bulgaria (0.0) | 0.0 (127 Economies) |
Dealing with Construction Permits
- Rank: 69 (DB2017), 66 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 71.70 (DB2017), 71.69 (DB2016)
- Procedures (Number): 17.0 (DB2017), 17.0 (DB2016)
- Time (Days): 202.0 (DB2017), 202.0 (DB2016)
- Cost (% of warehouse value): 0.2 (DB2017), 0.2 (DB2016)
- Building Quality Control Index (0-15): 13.0 (DB2017), 13.0 (DB2016)
Getting Electricity
- Rank: 121 (DB2017), 118 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 60.13 (DB2017), 60.11 (DB2016)
- Procedures (Number): 5.0 (DB2017), 5.0 (DB2016)
- Time (Days): 257.0 (DB2017), 252.0 (DB2016)
- Cost (% of income per capita): 93.9 (DB2017), 98.4 (DB2016)
- Reliability of Supply and Transparency of Tariff Index (0-8): 6.0 (DB2017), 6.0 (DB2016)
Registering Property
- Rank: 28 (DB2017), 28 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 80.08 (DB2017), 80.20 (DB2016)
- Procedures (Number): 4.0 (DB2017), 4.0 (DB2016)
- Time (Days): 17.5 (DB2017), 16.5 (DB2016)
- Cost (% of property value): 5.0 (DB2017), 5.0 (DB2016)
- Quality of Land Administration Index (0-30): 26.0 (DB2017), 26.0 (DB2016)
Getting Credit
- Rank: 20 (DB2017), 19 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 75.00 (DB2017), 75.00 (DB2016)
- Strength of Legal Rights Index (0-12): 10.0 (DB2017), 10.0 (DB2016)
- Depth of Credit Information Index (0-8): 5.0 (DB2017), 5.0 (DB2016)
- Credit Registry Coverage (% of adults): 0.0 (DB2017), 0.0 (DB2016)
- Credit Bureau Coverage (% of adults): 89.8 (DB2017), 88.6 (DB2016)
Protecting Minority Investors
- Rank: 81 (DB2017), 78 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 55.00 (DB2017), 55.00 (DB2016)
- Strength of Minority Investor Protection Index (0-10): 5.5 (DB2017), 5.5 (DB2016)
- Extent of Conflict of Interest Regulation Index (0-10): 4.0 (DB2017), 4.0 (DB2016)
- Extent of Shareholder Governance Index (0-10): 7.0 (DB2017), 7.0 (DB2016)
Paying Taxes
- Rank: 77 (DB2017), 79 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 74.46 (DB2017), 73.74 (DB2016)
- Payments (Number per year): 11.0 (DB2017), 11.0 (DB2016)
- Time (Hours per year): 277.0 (DB2017), 277.0 (DB2016)
- Total Tax Rate (% of profit): 46.5 (DB2017), 48.4 (DB2016)
- Postfiling Index (0-100): 75.8 (DB2017), 75.8 (DB2016)
Trading Across Borders
- Rank: 1 (DB2017), 1 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 100.00 (DB2017), 100.00 (DB2016)
- Time to Export: Border Compliance (Hours): 0 (DB2017), 0 (DB2016)
- Cost to Export: Border Compliance (USD): 0 (DB2017), 0 (DB2016)
- Time to Export: Documentary Compliance (Hours): 1 (DB2017), 1 (DB2016)
- Cost to Export: Documentary Compliance (USD): 0 (DB2017), 0 (DB2016)
- Time to Import: Border Compliance (Hours): 0 (DB2017), 0 (DB2016)
- Cost to Import: Border Compliance (USD): 0 (DB2017), 0 (DB2016)
- Time to Import: Documentary Compliance (Hours): 1 (DB2017), 1 (DB2016)
- Cost to Import: Documentary Compliance (USD): 0 (DB2017), 0 (DB2016)
Enforcing Contracts
- Rank: 8 (DB2017), 13 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 75.79 (DB2017), 73.94 (DB2016)
- Time (Days): 395.0 (DB2017), 395.0 (DB2016)
- Cost (% of claim): 15.0 (DB2017), 15.0 (DB2016)
- Quality of Judicial Processes Index (0-18): 12.0 (DB2017), 11.0 (DB2016)
- Equal Evidentiary Weight of Women's Testimony in Court: New metric added.
Resolving Insolvency
- Rank: 63 (DB2017), 63 (DB2016)
- DTF Score: 51.25 (DB2017), 50.58 (DB2016)
- Recovery Rate (cents on the dollar): 43.0 (DB2017), 41.7 (DB2016)
- Time (Years): 2.0 (DB2017), 2.0 (DB2016)
- Cost (% of estate): 14.5 (DB2017), 14.5 (DB2016)
- Strength of Insolvency Framework Index (0-16): 9.0 (DB2017), 9.0 (DB2016)
Key Findings
- Hungary's overall ease of doing business ranking improved slightly from 40 to 41.
- The DTF score increased from 72.74 to 73.07, indicating minor progress in regulatory efficiency.
- Hungary performs well in trading across borders, with a perfect score and ranking 1st.
- Paying taxes remains a challenge, with a DTF score of 74.46 and ranking 77th.
- Starting a business is relatively easy, with 6 procedures for both men and women and a ranking of 75th.
- Registering property is also relatively efficient, with 4 procedures and a ranking of 28th.
- Getting credit is moderately challenging, with a DTF score of 75.00 and ranking 20th.
- Protecting minority investors is a significant challenge, with a DTF score of 55.00 and ranking 81st.
- Enforcing contracts is a major challenge, with a DTF score of 75.79 and ranking 8th.
- Resolving insolvency is moderately challenging, with a DTF score of 51.25 and ranking 63rd.
Conclusion
The Doing Business 2017 report highlights Hungary's strengths in trading across borders and registering property, while identifying areas for improvement, particularly in paying taxes, protecting minority investors, and enforcing contracts. The inclusion of a gender component adds a new dimension to understanding business regulation, emphasizing the need for inclusive reforms. The report also underscores the importance of comparing regulatory environments across economies to guide policy improvements.
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