2011年-世界发展银行全球_Pathways_to_Progress___Transitioning_to_Country-Led_Service_Delivery_Pathways_to_Meet_Africas_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation_Targets_100页_3mb

AMCOW Country Status Overviews - Regional Synthesis Report Summary

Core Content

The AMCOW Country Status Overviews (CSO2) report, published in 2011, provides a comprehensive analysis of the progress and challenges in water supply and sanitation (WSS) across 32 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. It builds on the initial CSO1 from 2006 and reflects a shift towards country-led service delivery pathways, aligned with the Paris Principles for aid effectiveness. The report highlights the role of political stability, sector leadership, and aid modalities in shaping the performance of WSS sectors.

Main Views

• Political and Economic Context: The report emphasizes that increasing domestic resources, national ownership, and political stability have created opportunities for African governments to take charge of their WSS sectors and develop sustainable service delivery models.

• Progress and Gaps: Despite significant improvements in access to improved water and sanitation, progress remains uneven and insufficient to meet national and Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. For instance, improved water supply coverage increased by 13 percentage points (from 45% to 58%), while improved sanitation coverage increased by 11 percentage points (from 25% to 36%) since 1990.

• Key Success Factors: Low-income stable countries have outperformed low-income fragile and resource-rich countries in terms of coverage increases, reduction of open defecation, and equitable access. These countries have also benefited from higher aid flows and more aligned aid modalities.

• Service Delivery Pathways: The report introduces the CSO2 scorecard, which evaluates the three pillars of service delivery pathways:

  • Enabling: Policies, plans, and budgets that support the sector.
  • Developing: Mechanisms for delivering new services equitably and at scale.
  • Sustaining: Systems that ensure the long-term maintenance and expansion of services.

• Transition to Country-Led Models: The shift from donor-driven projects to country-led programmatic approaches is a central theme. The CSO2 scorecard helps identify barriers and opportunities for this transition, with low-income stable countries leading the way.

Key Information

• Aid Flows: Over the past 20 years, an estimated $25 billion in aid has been directed to WSS in SSA. Low-income stable countries received three times more aid per unserved person than low-income fragile countries and twice more than resource-rich countries.

• Country Groups: The report identifies three stages of subsector evolution:

  • Establishing: Subsectors are setting up basic service delivery frameworks. These often score poorly on all three pillars.
  • Transitioning: Subsectors have some basic elements in place but are transitioning to country-led approaches. These show mixed sustainability scores.
  • Transitioned: Subsectors have successfully transitioned to country-led programmatic models and show strong performance in output and intermediate outcomes.

• Regional Impact: The CSO2 covers 95% of SSA's population and over 90% of the region's GDP, offering a detailed, country-specific analysis that informs regional strategies.

• Recommendations: The report supports the development of country-specific reform priorities and sector-wide approaches (SWAp). It also encourages regional learning and capacity building to improve performance and close the investment gap.

Conclusion

The CSO2 is a critical tool for understanding and accelerating progress in WSS across SSA. It underscores the importance of political stability, sector leadership, and aligned aid modalities in achieving sustainable service delivery. The findings also highlight the need for enhanced implementation capacity, equitable access, and efficient use of resources to meet the $6 billion annual investment gap and fulfill national and MDG targets.

Appendices

• Appendix A provides scorecard indicator results for each of the 32 countries.
• Appendix B includes WSS sector performance and investment data.
• Notes and References list the sources and acknowledgments for the report.

Citation

AMCOW (African Ministers Council on Water). 2011. AMCOW Country Status Overviews – Regional Synthesis Report. Pathways to Progress: Transitioning to Country-Led Service Delivery Pathways to Meet Africa's Water Supply and Sanitation Targets. Washington, DC: The World Bank/Water and Sanitation Program. http://www.wsp.org/wsp/content/pathways-progress-status-water-and-sanitation-africa

Authors and Contributors

• Bai Mass Taal, Executive Secretary of AMCOW
• Wambui Gichuri, Principal Regional Team Leader, Water and Sanitation Program – Africa
• The report was developed in collaboration with the World Bank, AfDB, UNICEF, WHO, and the governments of 32 countries in SSA.