2013年-世界发展银行全球_Malawi_Public_Expenditure_Review_170页_2mb

Malawi Public Expenditure Review (PER) - November 2013

Core Content Overview

This document presents the 2013 Public Expenditure Review (PER) of Malawi, prepared jointly by the World Bank and the Government of Malawi (GOM). It is aligned with the fifth Country Assistance Strategy (CAS) for FY13-FY16 and serves as a critical input to the Medium Term Fiscal Framework (MTFF) and Extended Credit Facility (ECF). The report analyzes public expenditure across key sectors and aims to improve efficiency, equity, and service delivery within a constrained resource envelope.

Main Objectives of the PER

1. Enhance Public Financial Management (PFM): Improve the quality and efficiency of PFM processes.
2. Support Budget Preparation: Provide analytical inputs to the government's budgeting.
3. Complement PFEM Reforms: Align with ongoing reforms in public finance and economic management.
4. Inform Development Partners: Offer analytical insights for operational planning.
5. Underpin Fiscal Framework Implementation: Serve as a key tool for executing the new fiscal framework.

Key Sectors Analyzed

The report includes detailed assessments of the following sectors:

• Agriculture
• Transport
• Education
• Health
• Social Protection

Each section evaluates the allocative efficiency, technical efficiency, and equity of public spending within these sectors.

Key Findings and Views

1. Macroeconomic and Fiscal Trends

• The fiscal framework (2012/13 - 2015/16) indicates a tightened resource envelope.
• Domestic revenue is expected to continue its rising trend, while grants will be reduced from their peak in 2012.
• The Ministry of Finance (MoF) perceives the high level of non-discretionary spending as limiting fiscal space for new initiatives.
• The macroeconomic environment experienced three phases:
  • FY 2006 - FY 2010: Steady growth and stable fiscal environment.
  • FY 2011 - FY 2012: Macroeconomic imbalances, declining donor inflows, and economic contraction.
  • From May 2012: Introduction of new policies to restore macroeconomic stability and growth.

2. Planning and Budgeting Reforms

• The Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) reform is being advanced.
• Progress has been made in institutional and procedural reforms of the budgeting process.
• The Planning and Budgeting Management Team has been instrumental in coordinating these efforts.

3. Sector-Specific Insights

Agriculture

• The Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP) is a major component of the sector budget.
• There is a need to improve targeting and efficiency of agricultural expenditures.
• Research and extension spending has shown mixed trends, with a notable increase in research funding.

Transport

• Recurrent and development expenditures in the transport sector have been analyzed.
• The Inland Water Transport (IWT) and Civil Aviation are key sub-sectors.
• There are concerns about infrastructure maintenance and project execution rates.

Education

• Education spending as a percentage of GDP is compared with other countries.
• The pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) and pupil-classroom ratio (PCR) are used to assess performance.
• School feeding programs and teacher training are highlighted as areas needing attention.

Health

• Health spending as a share of GDP has increased over the years.
• Public health financing comes from multiple sources, including domestic and donor funds.
• Health service access varies by income and region, with significant challenges in rural areas.
• The Global Fund and donor contributions are major funding sources.

Social Protection

• Social Protection (SP) programs are evaluated for their coverage and efficiency.
• The Malawi Social Action Fund (MASAF) and Social Cash Transfer Program (SCTP) are key programs.
• Equity in SP is a concern, especially for ultra-poor households.
• There is a call for reform and integration of SP programs with broader fiscal strategies.

Key Recommendations

• Restraining and prioritizing expenditures to ensure fiscal sustainability.
• Improving efficiency in public spending to meet growth and social protection goals.
• Reforming Public Financial Management (PFM): Emphasizing IFMIS with stronger oversight and accountability.
• Enhancing data collection and transparency in budget processes.
• Improving targeting of subsidies and transfers to better serve the poor and vulnerable.

Supporting Information

• The report includes tables and figures covering economic indicators, expenditure trends, and sector-specific data.
• Annexes provide additional details on budget structures, expenditure classifications, and programmatic allocations.
• The PER is a crucial component of the fiscal framework and the PFEM reform agenda.

Acknowledgements

The report was prepared with technical inputs from various Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs), NGOs, and development partners such as the AfDB, DFID, EU, GiZ, and Norway. It is also dedicated to the late Eduardo Ley and acknowledges the contributions of peer reviewers and technical staff from the World Bank and GOM.