脱碳能源系统中的氢气（英）-30页_1009kb

The report by the Hydrogen Council in collaboration with Baringa Partners examines the integration of hydrogen into energy systems to support decarbonization, with a focus on system benefits and regional applications. It highlights that hydrogen provides significant advantages beyond direct emissions reductions, such as enhancing flexibility in energy systems, reducing costs associated with decarbonization, and enabling the use of renewable resources more effectively. The analysis covers three contrasting regions: Texas, Central-West Europe (CWE), and Japan, each with different energy profiles and challenges.

Key findings include the role of hydrogen in allowing flexible energy storage, which helps stabilize power grids with high renewable penetration by responding to price signals and alleviating supply-demand imbalances. In Texas, a resource-rich region, hydrogen infrastructure supports energy exports, price stabilization, and decarbonization, leading to substantial system cost reductions. CWE, with its interconnected grid, benefits from imported hydrogen for flexibility and security, while Japan relies on imports to overcome limited renewable resources, integrating hydrogen and ammonia to facilitate decarbonization and reduce curtailment of renewable energy.

Enabling infrastructure like hydrogen pipelines, storage, and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) are critical for cost-effective integration, extending asset lifetimes and reducing price volatility. The report emphasizes that regulatory frameworks should promote flexible operation of hydrogen systems while preserving competition and avoiding market distortions. Overall, hydrogen is presented as a key enabler for global decarbonization, offering economic and environmental co-benefits across diverse energy contexts.