2007年-世界发展银行全球_Angola___Public_Expenditure_Review_Volume_1_Policy_Briefing_63页_639kb

Summary of the Public Expenditure Review for Angola

Core Content

This Public Expenditure Review (PER) is a collaborative effort by the World Bank and several development partners, including the European Commission (EC), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The report is divided into two volumes, with Volume I focusing on policy briefing and Volume II providing a more detailed analysis of each sector and decentralization.

The review covers the sectors of Education, Health, and Agriculture, as well as the decentralization agenda, due to their significance in poverty reduction and economic development. The report highlights the need for a multi-year budgeting approach, improved efficiency of public spending, enhanced data quality, equity in budget allocation, and progress in decentralization.

Main Recommendations

• Budgeting within a Multi-Year Perspective

  • A multi-year approach is essential to manage growing oil revenues efficiently.
  • Strengthen the link between public expenditure policies and the budget process, especially at the sectoral level.
  • Establish a medium-term spending plan or strategy aligned with the theory of permanent income.

• Improving the Efficiency of Public Spending

  • Authorities must focus on macroeconomic discipline, strategic priority setting, and efficient public service delivery.
  • Reforms should be guided by principles of political economy, public economics, and institutional and regulatory changes.
  • The budget should be aligned with the country's absorptive capacity and consider future recurrent costs.

• Enhancing the Quality of Data on Social Indicators and the Budget

  • The quality and completeness of data on social indicators and budget outcomes are lacking.
  • Data classification and collection methods need improvement, especially in Education and Agriculture.
  • The development of a comprehensive public accounts system and real-time spending data is crucial for effective budgeting and policy-making.

• Equity in the Budget

  • Budget allocation lacks equity considerations and is based on an ad hoc approach.
  • There is a need to incorporate population and poverty indicators into the decision-making process.
  • The report highlights that coastal provinces receive more funding per capita than poorer regions in the Center South, which includes some of the most disadvantaged provinces.

• Further Progress with Decentralization

  • A gradual approach to decentralization is recommended, starting with administrative deconcentration and delegation of responsibilities.
  • The new Decentralization Law (No. 02/07) aims to reduce the central government's dependence on provinces and clarify responsibilities.
  • However, concurrent competencies and lack of capacity in public administration, especially outside Luanda, pose challenges to effective decentralization.
  • Strategic planning and good governance principles are essential to guide the reform process.

Key Information

• Fiscal Performance: Angola's fiscal performance has improved significantly due to oil revenues. In 2006, economic growth reached 15%, and the fiscal surplus was 9.4% of GDP. International reserves have grown rapidly, reducing the risk of debt distress.

• Budget Composition: The budget has seen a shift towards capital spending at the expense of personnel and services. This trend needs to be addressed to ensure balanced and sustainable public spending.

• Sectoral Analysis:

  • Education: The education system faces challenges in service coverage and efficiency. There is a need to improve planning, resource allocation, and data collection.
  • Health: Public health spending is low relative to GDP, and there is a lack of strategic planning and effective implementation. The report suggests scaling up service coverage and improving the efficiency of health spending.
  • Agriculture: Despite its importance for employment and income generation, agricultural investment remains low. There is a need for increased funding, better rural credit availability, and improved planning and coordination.

• Decentralization Phases:

  • Phase 1: Short-term administrative decentralization (deconcentration and delegation of responsibilities).
  • Phase 2: Medium-term administrative decentralization (further delegation and clarification of roles).
  • Phase 3: Fiscal decentralization (full transfer of financial responsibilities to provinces).

• Data and Indicators:

  • The report references several social indicators such as Gross Enrollment Rate (GER), Gross Admission Rate (GAR), and Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR).
  • Tables and Figures provide detailed insights into the distribution of public expenditures and the evolution of fiscal and social indicators.

Conclusion

The PER emphasizes the importance of multi-year budgeting, equitable resource allocation, and systematic decentralization to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending in Angola. The report calls for stronger institutions, better data collection, and strategic reforms in key sectors to ensure that public resources are used to reduce poverty and promote sustainable development.