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Africa Development Indicators 2012/13 Summary

Core Content

Africa Development Indicators 2012/13 is a comprehensive report by the World Bank that provides a detailed overview of economic and social development in Africa. The report includes data on over 1,700 indicators spanning from 1960 to 2012, offering insights into the continent's development across various dimensions.

Main Sections

Part I. Basic Indicators and National and Fiscal Accounts

This section includes a wide range of economic indicators such as GDP, GNI, savings, consumption, trade balances, and price indices. It also covers the structure of demand and the financial sector infrastructure.

Part II. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

The report evaluates progress toward the eight MDGs, which include:

• Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger
• Achieving universal primary education
• Promoting gender equity and empowering women
• Reducing child mortality
• Improving maternal health
• Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
• Ensuring environmental sustainability
• Developing a global partnership for development

Part III. Development Outcomes

This part explores various aspects of development, including:

• Drivers of Growth: Private sector development, trade and regional integration, and infrastructure.
• Participating in Growth: Human development, agriculture, rural development, and environment.
• Labor, Migration, and Population: Labor force participation, composition, unemployment, and migration trends.
• Health Issues: HIV/AIDS and malaria.
• Capable States and Partnership: Aid and debt relief, governance, and country policy assessments.

Key Findings

• Economic Growth: Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced relatively rapid economic growth, averaging about 5% annually over the past decade.
• Poverty Reduction: Despite high global poverty rates, the absolute number of people living below $1.25 a day has declined for the first time in history.
• ICT Access: Over 80% of urban Africans have access to cellphones, indicating a significant ICT revolution.
• Income Variability: GNI per capita in Africa ranges from $180 to $13,720, highlighting the diversity of economic conditions.
• Internet Usage: Nigeria and Kenya account for 62% of internet users in Sub-Saharan Africa, while Seychelles has the highest per capita internet usage.
• Child Mortality Reduction: Thirty-nine countries have seen child mortality reductions of over 12% in the last 20 years, with some countries like Malawi, Madagascar, Eritrea, and Liberia experiencing declines over 50%.
• Human Development: Africa has the lowest human development indicators globally, with one in 16 children dying before their fifth birthday.
• Data Classification: Economies are classified based on GNI per capita using the World Bank Atlas method, distinguishing between low, middle (lower and upper), and high-income economies.

Data Methodology

• Atlas Method: The World Bank uses the Atlas conversion factor to adjust GNI for exchange rate fluctuations and inflation differences, ensuring more accurate cross-country comparisons.
• Data Sources: Data are collected from national and international sources, with some countries using alternative conversion factors due to unreliable official exchange rates.
• Data Presentation: The report includes population, GNI, GDP, life expectancy, and literacy rates. It notes that some data may be incomplete or not reliable, and the report warns against comparing data between editions or across World Bank publications.

Technical Notes

• Data Consistency: Efforts have been made to harmonize data, but full comparability cannot be guaranteed due to differences in statistical methods and coverage across countries.
• Classification Updates: Country classifications may change between editions based on updated GNI per capita data.
• Data Cutoff: The cutoff date for data is August 2012, though some data may be more recent by the time of publication.

Country Notes

• South Sudan: Declared independence in 2011, and data for Sudan include South Sudan unless otherwise noted.
• Classification: Countries are classified into low, middle, and high-income groups based on GNI per capita in 2010.

Conclusion

Africa Development Indicators 2012/13 not only documents the continent's development progress but also serves as a tool to support informed decision-making and policy development. It highlights both the achievements and the challenges, emphasizing the need for continued efforts in improving data quality, governance, and regional integration.